physiology - body fluids

Question 1

Primary transport system between cells

Answer 1

nutrition
waste
signals

Question 2

Fluid Compartments:

a) total body water
b) ICF
c) ECF
d) plasma
e) Interstitial fluid

Answer 2

a) 42 L ( 60% OF MASS)
b) 28L
c) 14L
d) 3L
e) 11 L

Question 3

the boundary between Intracellular Fluid/Interstitial Fluid

Answer 3

it is the cell membrane
semi permable
membrane embedded w proteins which act as ion channels and ion pumps

Question 4

boundaries between Interstitial Fluid/Plasma

Answer 4

boundary is capillary wall

Permeable to small molecules

Question 5

Composition of intracellular fluid ICF

Answer 5

Na+ low
Cl- high
K+ high

Question 6

Composition of Interstitial Fluid (IF)

Answer 6

opposite of ICF

Question 7

tonicity

Answer 7

the effect on solute concentration on cell volume

Question 8

what is hypotonic solution

what happens when you put cell in this solution

Answer 8

• solution that has a lower conc of solute compared to the cytosol.
• solute cannot pass thru only h20. , the cell swells

Question 9

what is hypertonic solution

what happens if you put a cell in this solution

Answer 9

solution that has greater conc. of solute compared to cytosol

the cell loses water to balance out the conc on either side of cell and therefore cell shrinks

Question 10

Lymphatic system … what does it do

Answer 10

fluid leaks out of cardiovascular system

Lymphatic system collects the lymph and brings it back to the cardiovascular system

Question 11

Systemic capillaries

Answer 11

allow the exchange of materials between tissues and blood eg nutrients , waste , gas AND WATER

Question 12

lymphatic drainage

Answer 12

3l a day in not reabsorbed in capillaries or venules
it enter lymph vessels and pumped to lymph nodes
and then re enters circulation near right atrium

Question 13

starlings law of capillaries pt1

Answer 13

whats happening when fluid crosses the capillaries

when the blood enters capillary from arteriole it has a bp of 37mmMg moving out of the capillary … this pressure on the wall allows fluids to leave the capillary

when the blood in the capillary in the other end has a 17mmMg

Question 14

starlings law of capillaries pt2

Answer 14

the colloid OP caused by plasma proteins causes water to be reabsorbed the capillary … this pressure stays the same throughout

OUTWARD PRESSURE > INWARD PRESSURE:
the main things is that fluid leaves capillary and enters interstitial fluid

Question 15

how is liver failure caused

Answer 15

when there is a fall in plasma proteins ….
this leads to colloid OP fall
reduced inwards flow
accumulation of fluid in the tissues aka oedema

Question 16

Normal Daily Input

Answer 16

ingestion —-
fluid. 1.25 L
food 1 L

metabolism 350ml

Question 17

Normal Daily Output

Answer 17

gut (faeces 100ml)
urine 1.5L
breathing and skin 900ml
sweating 100ml

Question 18

Which ones are used to regulate fluid volume?

Answer 18

fluid and urine

Question 19

Abnormal Inputs

Answer 19

clinical — injection and infusion

excessive drinking aka polydipsia

Question 20

Abnormal outputs

Answer 20

gut (vomiting, diarrhoea)
urine (diabetes insipidus *)
Breathing/Skin (burns)
Sweating (‘hyperhydria’ *)
haemorrage