physiology: Organisation of the respiratory system

Question 1

General function of respiration

Answer 1

to obtain the 02 thats used for body cells

to get rid of the C02 the cells produce

Question 2

contains two separate processes

Answer 2

internal respiration - ( oxidation phosphorylation )

external -exchange of 02 and C02 between atmosphere and body tissues

Question 3

internal respiration
what is it
refers to

Answer 3

cellular respiration

metabolic process in mitochond. , uses 02 and produces C02 while deriving energy from other nutrient molecules

Question 4

steps of external respiration

pt1

Answer 4

1-ventilation/gas exchange betw atmosphere and alveoli in lungs

2-exchange of 02 and c02 in alveoli in lungs to blood in pulmonary capillaries

Question 5

steps of external respiration

pt2

Answer 5

3- transport of 02 and c02 by blood between lungs and tissues

4-exchange of 02 and c02 between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Question 6

secondary functions

Answer 6

eliminates heat and water
short term regulates pH
assists venous return
helps defends against pathogen in airways

Question 7

Respiratory airways

upper airways

Answer 7

nasal cavity
oral cavity
pharynx

Question 8

Airways from pharynx to lungs

Answer 8

larynx
conducting zone
Respiratory zone

Question 9

Structures of the Conducting Zone

Answer 9

trachea
pri , sec , tri bronchus
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

Question 10

trachea:
diameter
length
shape

Answer 10

• 2.5. cm
• 10cm
• c shape cartilage bands for structural rigidity

Question 11

primary bronchi
divided into
contains

Answer 11

R&L

rings of cartilage

Question 12

secondary bronchi
right
left

Answer 12

3 ( to the 3 lobes of the right lung)

2

Question 13

Tertiary Bronchi

Answer 13

20-23 orders of branching

up to 8 mil tubules

Question 14

Bronchioles
diameter
contains

Answer 14

less than 1 mm

no cart , instead has walls of elastic fibres and smooth muscle to prevent collapsing

Question 15

Functions of the Conducting Zone

Answer 15

• air passageway
• increase air temp to body temp
• humidify air

Question 16

Epithelium of the Conducting Zone

Answer 16

goblet cells -secrets mucus and traps foreign particles

ciliated cells -propel the mucus up to the glottis to be swallowed or expelled

process : mucus escalator

Question 17

Structures of the Respiratory Zone

Answer 17

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts and sacs
alveoli

Question 18

Function of the Respiratory Zone

Answer 18

exchange of gases between air and blood through diffusion

Question 19

Epithelium of the Respiratory Zone

Answer 19

respiratory membrane

epithelial cells of alveoli and ‘ ‘’ of capillaries

Question 20

Alveoli
what
number of

Answer 20

site of gas exchange

300-500 mil : facilitate gas exchange

Question 21

alveoli also contains

Answer 21

rich blood supply - capillaries form sheet of alveoli

PORES OF KOHN -allows airflow between adjacent alveoli aka Collateral ventilation

Question 22

3 cells types of alveoli

Answer 22

type I alveolar cells
‘’ II
alveolar macrophages

Question 23

type I alveolar cells functions

Answer 23

make up alveolar wall , single layer epithelial cells

Question 24

type II alveolar cells

Answer 24

secrete surfactant
reduces surface tension in alveolar walls
helps prevent alveolar collapse

Question 25

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 25

removes foreign particles

Question 26

Respiratory Membrane: barrier for diffusion

Answer 26

• alveoli : type 1 cells + basement cells
• capillaries : endothelial cells + ‘’

0.2 microns thick