physiology - organelles and homeostasis

Question 1

what is negative feedback

Answer 1

the response of changing conditions by turning the condition back to its set point

eg temperature regulation

Question 2

components of negative feedback

Answer 2

1. Controlled variable
2. Sensor
3. Integrator
4. Effector
5. Compensatory response.

Question 3

what does each component mean?

Answer 3

1. stimulus
2. informs control centre
3. sends instructions to the effectors
4. this brings out a reponse
5. this allow the variable to be normal again

Question 4

example of each component : decrease in temperature

Answer 4

1. Controlled variable - temp
2. Sensor - nerve cells
3. Integrator - temperature control centre = hypothalamus
4. Effector -skeletal muscles
5. Compensatory response -heat production

Question 5

what is positive feedback eg

Answer 5

reinforces a change in a controlled variable

eg child birth

Question 6

functions of cells (5)

Answer 6

1. Perform chem reaction that give en to cell
2. Reproduce
3. Exchange material with surrounding environment
4. Sense and respond to changes in environment
5. synthesise cellular components

Question 7

what is endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

network of membranes inside a cell

continuous with cell membrane

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

• important for
• membrane

Answer 8

• protein synthesize

- encloses space and continuous with nuclear envelope

Question 9

types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

rough ER which is found on ribosomes

smooth ER … no ribosomes

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus:
location
function

Answer 10

inbetween ER and cell membrane

process and package molecules for transport

Question 11

The Mitochondrion function

Answer 11

energy production from glucose

produces ATP

Question 12

role of protein….

• in the cell
• in membrane
• outside cell

Answer 12

• enzymes and structure
• transport and structure
• digestive enzymes, hormones

Question 13

Protein Synthesis & Sorting

Answer 13

uptake in amino acids in RER
golgi (packaging)
vacoules (storage)
membrane (released)

Question 14

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 14

help cell maintain shape and internal organization

Question 15

types of cytoskeleton

Answer 15

mircofilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

Question 16

microfilament
made from
movement
function

Answer 16

actin
amoeboid
helps w cell movement

Question 17

intermediate filaments
features
functions

Answer 17

stronger , more stable

provide structural support

Question 18

mictrotubules

function

Answer 18

cell division , movement ,strength