The Brain Development and Structure Flashcards
What are the 3 primary sections of the anterior end of the embryonic central nervous system
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
What does the Prosencephalon give rise to
Telencephalon, diencephalon and basal ganglia
What does the Mesencephalon give rise to
the midbrain
What does the rhombencephalon give rise to
the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the telencephalon
cerebral cortex, forebrain structures, basal ganglia, and olfactory system
What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus
What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the metencephalon
pons and cerebellum
What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
In terms of brain development among vertebrates, what is the overall phylogenetic trend & what factors have contributed to this trend
Increased connections between the thalamus and telencephalon
What are the major functions of the medulla
control vital processes like heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
What are the major functions of the pons
Transmit signals between the forebrain and the cerebellum
What are the major functions of the cerebellum
Coordinating voluntary movements
What are the major functions of the tectum
eye movement
What are the functions of the epiphysis (pineal gland)
receive and convey info about the light/ dark cycle (produce melatonin)
What are the functions of the hypothalamus
homeostasis ( thermoregulation, reproduction, thirst, body weight, hunger and more)
What are the functions of the thalamus
relay center, sleep, consciousness, learning and memory
What are the two regions of the cerebrum and what are the main divisions of them
Left and right hemisphere ( frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal)
What does the medial papilla receive
olfactory, auditory, lateral line, somatosensory
What does the dorsal papilla receive
ascending and visual input
What does the lateral papilla receive
ascending visual and smell
Be able to characterize the pallia of agnathans
dorsal- tiny telencephalon
Be able to characterize the pallia of sharks
dorsal- hearing and touch
medial- exchange info across hemispheres
lateral- olfaction
Be able to characterize the pallia of amphibians
dorsal- hearing and touch
medial- exchange info across hemispheres
lateral- olfaction
Be able to characterize the pallia of reptiles
medial- well developed hippocampus
lateral- Dorsal ventricular ridge ( visual auditory and somatosensory
Be able to characterize the pallia of birds
Dorsal- wulst ( organized part of DVR)
medial- hippocampus
lateral- Dorsal ventricular ridge ( visual auditory and somatosensory
Be able to characterize the pallia of mammals
Dorsal- cerebral cortex
Medial- hippocampus
Lateral- olfactory
what is the Dorsal ventricular ridge
an area that receives auditory, visual and somatosensory this is in birds and reptiles
What is the Wulst
controls eye movement and gets visual input in birds
What is the cerebral cortex
outer layer of the brain surface in mammals
what is the function of the septum
sensorimotor integration to cognition
what is the function of the striatum
goal-directed movements and decision-making
