The Brain Development and Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary sections of the anterior end of the embryonic central nervous system

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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2
Q

What does the Prosencephalon give rise to

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon and basal ganglia

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3
Q

What does the Mesencephalon give rise to

A

the midbrain

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4
Q

What does the rhombencephalon give rise to

A

the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata

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5
Q

What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex, forebrain structures, basal ganglia, and olfactory system

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6
Q

What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus

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7
Q

What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

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8
Q

What areas of the vertebrate brain are in the myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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9
Q

In terms of brain development among vertebrates, what is the overall phylogenetic trend & what factors have contributed to this trend

A

Increased connections between the thalamus and telencephalon

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10
Q

What are the major functions of the medulla

A

control vital processes like heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure

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11
Q

What are the major functions of the pons

A

Transmit signals between the forebrain and the cerebellum

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12
Q

What are the major functions of the cerebellum

A

Coordinating voluntary movements

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13
Q

What are the major functions of the tectum

A

eye movement

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14
Q

What are the functions of the epiphysis (pineal gland)

A

receive and convey info about the light/ dark cycle (produce melatonin)

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15
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus

A

homeostasis ( thermoregulation, reproduction, thirst, body weight, hunger and more)

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16
Q

What are the functions of the thalamus

A

relay center, sleep, consciousness, learning and memory

17
Q

What are the two regions of the cerebrum and what are the main divisions of them

A

Left and right hemisphere ( frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal)

18
Q

What does the medial papilla receive

A

olfactory, auditory, lateral line, somatosensory

19
Q

What does the dorsal papilla receive

A

ascending and visual input

20
Q

What does the lateral papilla receive

A

ascending visual and smell

21
Q

Be able to characterize the pallia of agnathans

A

dorsal- tiny telencephalon

22
Q

Be able to characterize the pallia of sharks

A

dorsal- hearing and touch
medial- exchange info across hemispheres
lateral- olfaction

23
Q

Be able to characterize the pallia of amphibians

A

dorsal- hearing and touch
medial- exchange info across hemispheres
lateral- olfaction

24
Q

Be able to characterize the pallia of reptiles

A

medial- well developed hippocampus
lateral- Dorsal ventricular ridge ( visual auditory and somatosensory

25
Be able to characterize the pallia of birds
Dorsal- wulst ( organized part of DVR) medial- hippocampus lateral- Dorsal ventricular ridge ( visual auditory and somatosensory
26
Be able to characterize the pallia of mammals
Dorsal- cerebral cortex Medial- hippocampus Lateral- olfactory
27
what is the Dorsal ventricular ridge
an area that receives auditory, visual and somatosensory this is in birds and reptiles
28
What is the Wulst
controls eye movement and gets visual input in birds
29
What is the cerebral cortex
outer layer of the brain surface in mammals
30
what is the function of the septum
sensorimotor integration to cognition
31
what is the function of the striatum
goal-directed movements and decision-making