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comparative anatomy > axial skeleton vertebrae, ribs, sternum > Flashcards

axial skeleton vertebrae, ribs, sternum Flashcards

1
Q

the axial skeleton includes

A

skull, vertebrae, notochord, sternum, ribs, and the hyoid bone

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2
Q

types of bone

A

nonlamellar, lamellar, and haversian

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3
Q

nonlamellar bone is _____ bone

A

immature

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4
Q

nonlamellar bone is “_____” bone

A

woven

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5
Q

nonlamellar bone is the ______ to form

A

first

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6
Q

lamellar bone is _____ bone

A

mature

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7
Q

lamellar bone is made of ______ ____ fibers

A

parallel collagen

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8
Q

Haversian bone is

A

modified lamellar bone with osteons

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9
Q

compact bone is a

A

solid mass of lamellar bone

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10
Q

spongy bone is also called

A

cancellous bone

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11
Q

cell types in bone

A

osteoblasts, osteocyte, and osteoclasts

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12
Q

ostoblast produce bone _____

A

matrix

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13
Q

osteoblasts are located in the ______

A

periosteum

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14
Q

what is osteogenesis

A

the production of bone

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15
Q

osteoblasts become ______ when they become embedded in the matrix

A

osteocytes

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16
Q

endochondral bone formation

A

cartilage first then bone, examples- long bones, chondrocranium, vertebrae and pelvis.

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17
Q

intramembranous bone formation

A

bone formed without cartilage intermediate ( examples, dermatocranium, pectoral girdle, maxilla, mandible, sesamoids perichondral bone)

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18
Q

endochondral bone begins as _____ cartilage

A

hyaline

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19
Q

appositional bone growth increases ________

A

diameter

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20
Q

Interstitial bone growth increases ______

A

length

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21
Q

intramembranous bone growth starts with the aggregation of _______ cell

A

mesenchymal

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22
Q

intramembranous bone growth produces ______ tissue

A

osteoid

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23
Q

intramembranous bone growth causes

A

blood supply and osteoblasts to develop

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24
Q

osteoblasts deposit _____ _____ into matrix

A

calcium salts

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25
Q

osteoblasts will become ______ in matrix then they become ________

A

encased; osteocytes

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26
Q

continuous layers of bone are added at the surface where _______ _______

A

osteoblasts remain

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27
Q

the C1 is also called the

A

atlas

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28
Q

C2 is also called the

A

axis

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29
Q

parts of the human spine

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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30
Q

parts of intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus, and anulus fibrosus

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31
Q

parts of human vertebrae

A

Body, transverse process, spinous process, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, superior articular facet, inferior articular facet

32
Q

human cervical vertebrae

A

spinus process, transverse foramen (vertebral artery and vein), superior articular facet, interior articular facet

33
Q

the atlas has a ________ _______ _______ that articulates with the _______ ______

A

superior articular facet; occipital condyles

34
Q

the axis has a_______ _______ ______ that articulates with the _______

A

superior articular facet; atlas

35
Q

human thoracic vertebrae

A

transverse costal facet, superior costal faucet, inferior notch

36
Q

three parts of the skull

A

splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, dermatocranium

37
Q

the sacrum is made up of

A

fused bones

38
Q

the coccyx is also called

A

the tailbone due to the fact that it is a vestigial tail

39
Q

the human sternum is made of the

A

manubrium, sternebrae, and the xiphoid cartilage

40
Q

the human ribs are made of

A

true, false, and floating ribs

41
Q

the tail region in gnathostomes is made up of

A

centrum, neural arches, and hemal arches

42
Q

gnathostomes spines incluse

A

centrum, vertebral canal (dorsal to notochord), neural arch, neural spine, hemal spine, hemal arch, and gill support

43
Q

hag fish have no _______

A

vertebrae

44
Q

in hagfish and lamprey the ______ acts as axial support

A

notochord

45
Q

in lampreys they have a ________ vertebral pieces

A

cartilaginous

46
Q

in lampreys they have annular cartilage which supports

A

the mouth

47
Q

in lampreys they have lingual cartilage which supports the

A

tongue

48
Q

lampreys have a pericardial cartilage which surrounds the

A

heart

49
Q

in adult sharks there is no

A

notochord

50
Q

in sharks the vertebrae provides

A

axial support

51
Q

sharks have two types of vertebrae being

A

the trunk and cadual

52
Q

in sharks the trunk vertebrae is missing the

A

hemal arch

53
Q

in sharks the caudal vertebrae is missing the

A

hemal arch and hemal spine

54
Q

(bony fish) the sturgeons vertebral column is

A

unossified

55
Q

in bony fish the ribs are attachments for ______ muscle

A

axial

56
Q

Bullfrog vertebrae includes

A

Dorsal neural spines, neural canal, transverse process, centrum, cervical, trunk (transverse process) and sacral (transverse process)

57
Q

toad vertebrae

A

Dorsal neural spines, neural canal, transverse process, centrum, cervical, trunk (transverse process) and sacral (transverse process)

58
Q

in mudpuppies the ribs are

A

bicipital

59
Q

in mudpuppies the sternum is

A

absent

60
Q

in mudpuppies the cervical spine is

A

singular

61
Q

In Mudpuppies the atlas only articulates with the

A

occipital condyles

62
Q

in mudpuppies the trunk has

A

a persistent notochord, neural arches, neural spines, and a transverse process that articulates with the ribs

63
Q

in mudpuppies the sacral is single and has a ___

A

rib

64
Q

the cadual in mudpuppies has a

A

hemal arch

65
Q

Reptiles like the alligators has

A

true ribs and false ribs

66
Q

in reptiles like alligators the vertebrae are made up of

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal

67
Q

in alligators the gastralia has

A

dermal bones in the ventral body wall

68
Q

in chickens the vertebral column is mostly

A

fused

69
Q

birds have a single

A

occipital condyle

70
Q

in chickens the axis allows rotation between the ____ and the ____

A

atlas and axis

71
Q

in chickens the ribs fused to the

A

thoracic vertebrae

72
Q

in chickens the floating ribs are not attached to the

A

sternum

73
Q

in chickens the keel is used to

A

widen attachement for flight muscles

74
Q

in chickens the pygostyle is the plate of bones that forms

A

a tail

75
Q

in pigeons there is a synsacrum

A

where most vertebral bones are fused to the pelvis

76
Q

types of human teeth

A

incisors, canine, premolars, and molars

comparative anatomy (17 decks)

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