General Muscle Tissue Flashcards
excitability
responsiveness or irritability
contractility
shortens when stimulated
extensibility
stretching movement
elasticity
muscle can recoil to resting length
muscle tissue origin
mesoderm
thee types of muscle
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
epimere comes from
paraxial mesoderm
epimere tissue is ______ mesoderm located to the neural tube
dorsal
myotomes are the epaxial skeletal
precursor
a somite has distinct _____ in the trunk
segments
somitomere the mesoderm doesn’t form distinct segments in the _____
cranium
the hypomere is ventral mesoderm located lateral to the ______
coelom
myotome is _______ skeletal muscle
hypaxial
hypomere is found in the __ _____, _______ ______
GI tract, cardiac muscle
mesenchyme is loosely associated cells derived from ______
mesoderm
mesenchyme is found in the
blood, connective tissue, smooth muscle and more
somitomeres remain connected but have no distinct ______
separation
somitomeres develop into
skeletal muscle of the head (including eye muscles)
in paraxial mesoderm the somites are separated and _____
distinct
epaxial group
transversospinal, longissiumus, and illiocostalis
hypomere develops into ______ skeletal muscle
hypaxial
skeletal muscle is around ______ micrometers in diameter
100
hypomere develops into the
thorax, abdominal wall and throat
myotomes develop into _____ skeletal muscles
epaxial
skeletal muscle fibers are up to ___ cm long
30
Hypaxial group
longus, quadratus
skeletal muscles are ____________
multinucleated
nuclei in skeletal muscles are located peripherally and just inside the
sarcolemma
skeletal muscle fibers contain numerous
mitochondria
each skeletal muscle contains 100’s to 1000’s of
myofibrils
myofibrils are composed of bundles of
myofilaments
skeletal muscle is voluntary but can be _________
unconscious
skeletal muscle produces ______
movement
skeletal muscle maintains body _______ and _______
posture; position
skeletal muscle supports _______ tissue
soft
skeletal muscle is a guard for the bodies _____ and _____
entrance and exits
skeletal muscle can maintain the _______ _______
body temperature
skeletal muscle can store
nutrients
skeletal muscle the motor neuron cell bodies is located in the ______ horn of the spinal cord
ventral
skeletal muscle has ______ movement
voluntary
skeletal muscle has involuntary _______
reflexes
a ligament attaches ______ to _______
bone to bone
a tendon attaches _______ _______ to ______
skeletal muscle to bone
you can _____ a ligament
sprain
you can _____ a tendon
strain
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
1. epimysium is a _____ layer of _____ ______ that surround the entire muscle
dense; collagen fibers
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
2. perimysium _______ and ______ fibers that surround a muscle fascicle
collagen ; elastic
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
3. endomysium- elastic connective tissue that surrounds a _______ _______
muscle fiber
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
4. Tendon or
aponeurosis
a fascicle is a bundle of
fibers
a muscle fiber is a
muscle cell
the endomysium is on top of the ______
sarcolemma
the endomysium contains _____ beds, _________ cells, _____ fibers
capillary, myosatellite, nerve
myoblasts- embryonic cells fuse to form muscle _____
fibers
not all myoblasts-embryonic cells _____
fuse
some myoblasts-embryonic cells remain as ______ ___
satellite cells (which can act as repair cells)
t-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma into the ________
cytoplasm that encircles the myofibrils
myofibrils are 1-2 micrometers in diameter and are the same length as ______ ________
muscle fibers
myofibrils are made up of
myofilaments
myofilaments contain contractile _______
proteins
myofilaments are made up of _______ and _______
actin and myosin
the sarcoplasmic reticulum is _____ _____
modified reticulum
terminal cisternae is where the SR connects to the
t tubule
a single myofibril contains about 10,000 _______
sarcomeres
a sarcomere is the functional unit of a ______ _____
muscle fiber
sarcomeres z-line consists of _____ _____
alpha actinin
a sarcomere has thick filaments called
myosin
each myosin has a core of
titin
a sarcomere has thin filaments called
acin
an i band is called
isotropic
i bands are ____ filaments
thin
a bands are called
anisotropic
ansiotropic bands are ____ _____
dark bands
the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores
Ca++
Thick filament contain _______ and ______
myosin and titin
sliding filament theory
_ band and _ band narrow
H; I
sliding filament theory
zones of overlap _____
widen
sliding filament theory
_ lines move closer together
z
sliding filament theory
myofibrils get ______
shorter
sliding filament theory
muscle fiber gets _____
shorter
skeletal muscles will have ____ or ______ ends fixed in place
one or both
each muscle fiber has _____ ____ end plate
one motor
each motor neuron may innervate several ______ ______
muscle fibers
a motor unit consists of a ______ _______ and the muscle fibers it innervates
motor neuron
fasciculation is the
involuntary muscle twitch
The somatic motor neuron releases ach into the ________ ____
synaptic cleft
the synaptic cleft releases
acetylcholinesterase
the motor end plate has a modified ________
sarcolemma
muscles can only ______ or ____
shorten or pull
three factors that allows muscle relaxation
duration of neural stimulation
amount of cytosolic ca++
presence of atp
the two oxygen sources for muscles are
capillary supply and myoglobin
energy sources stored in muscles
atp
transfers energy to creatine in muscles
energy sources stored in muscles
CP- creatine phosphate is used to recharge ___ to ___
ADP to ATP
energy sources stored in muscles
glycogen provides substrates for aerobic metabolism in _________
mitochondria
energy sources stored in muscles
lipids are converted to _____ ___ in ________
acetyl coA in mitochondria
the recovery period in muscles
replenish _____ and _____ storage
energy and oxygen
the recovery period in muscles
remove/ recycle ____
lactate
the recovery period in muscles
disperse _____ generated during contraction
heat
the recovery period in muscles
correct __
pH
effect of aging on muscles
muscle fibers shrink, less elastic, intolerant to exercise
cardiac muscle diameter
10-20 micrometers
cardiac muscles are _______ _______ and have a single nuclei
centrally located
cardiac muscle length
50-100 micrometers
cardiac muscles is ______ muscle
striated
cardiac muscle has intercalated dics that allow _______ to beat in rhythum
myocytes
cardiac muscle has SR that lacks ______ ______
terminal cisternae
in cardiac muscles the T-tubules are ______ and ______
short and broad
cardiac muscle has ______ ______ (glycogen and lipids)
energy reserves
cardiac muscles have abundant ______ and mitochondria
myoglobin
cardiac muscles contract without _____ _____
neural stimulation
intercalated discs have ______ junctions
gap
intercalated discs have _______
desmosomes
automaticity cells are cardiac cells that can contract ______ _____ ____
without neural stimulation
pacemaker cells are specialized cardiac cells that ______ ______
spontaneously depolarize
smooth muscle is _______
uninucleate
smooth muscle muclei centrally _____
located
smooth muscles has ______ ______ cells
spindle shaped
smooth muscles have no _____
striations
smooth muscles lack ______, ____, ____
myofibrils, sarcomeres, and troponin
smooth muscles have no ________
t tubules
smooth muscles have _______ bodies
dense
smooth muscle diameter
5-10 micrometer
smooth muscle length
30-2000 micrometer
thick filaments have more
myosin heads
