General Muscle Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
excitability
A
responsiveness or irritability
2
Q
contractility
A
shortens when stimulated
3
Q
extensibility
A
stretching movement
4
Q
elasticity
A
muscle can recoil to resting length
5
Q
muscle tissue origin
A
mesoderm
6
Q
thee types of muscle
A
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
7
Q
epimere comes from
A
paraxial mesoderm
8
Q
epimere tissue is ______ mesoderm located to the neural tube
A
dorsal
9
Q
myotomes are the epaxial skeletal
A
precursor
10
Q
a somite has distinct _____ in the trunk
A
segments
11
Q
somitomere the mesoderm doesn’t form distinct segments in the _____
A
cranium
12
Q
the hypomere is ventral mesoderm located lateral to the ______
A
coelom
13
Q
myotome is _______ skeletal muscle
A
hypaxial
14
Q
hypomere is found in the __ _____, _______ ______
A
GI tract, cardiac muscle
15
Q
mesenchyme is loosely associated cells derived from ______
A
mesoderm
16
Q
mesenchyme is found in the
A
blood, connective tissue, smooth muscle and more
17
Q
somitomeres remain connected but have no distinct ______
A
separation
18
Q
somitomeres develop into
A
skeletal muscle of the head (including eye muscles)
18
Q
in paraxial mesoderm the somites are separated and _____
A
distinct
18
Q
epaxial group
A
transversospinal, longissiumus, and illiocostalis
18
Q
hypomere develops into ______ skeletal muscle
A
hypaxial
18
Q
skeletal muscle is around ______ micrometers in diameter
A
100
18
Q
hypomere develops into the
A
thorax, abdominal wall and throat
18
Q
myotomes develop into _____ skeletal muscles
A
epaxial
19
skeletal muscle fibers are up to ___ cm long
30
19
Hypaxial group
longus, quadratus
19
skeletal muscles are ____________
multinucleated
19
nuclei in skeletal muscles are located peripherally and just inside the
sarcolemma
19
skeletal muscle fibers contain numerous
mitochondria
19
each skeletal muscle contains 100's to 1000's of
myofibrils
20
myofibrils are composed of bundles of
myofilaments
21
skeletal muscle is voluntary but can be _________
unconscious
22
skeletal muscle produces ______
movement
23
skeletal muscle maintains body _______ and _______
posture; position
24
skeletal muscle supports _______ tissue
soft
25
skeletal muscle is a guard for the bodies _____ and _____
entrance and exits
26
skeletal muscle can maintain the _______ _______
body temperature
27
skeletal muscle can store
nutrients
28
skeletal muscle the motor neuron cell bodies is located in the ______ horn of the spinal cord
ventral
29
skeletal muscle has ______ movement
voluntary
30
skeletal muscle has involuntary _______
reflexes
31
a ligament attaches ______ to _______
bone to bone
32
a tendon attaches _______ _______ to ______
skeletal muscle to bone
33
you can _____ a ligament
sprain
34
you can _____ a tendon
strain
35
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
1. epimysium is a _____ layer of _____ ______ that surround the entire muscle
dense; collagen fibers
36
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
2. perimysium _______ and ______ fibers that surround a muscle fascicle
collagen ; elastic
37
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
3. endomysium- elastic connective tissue that surrounds a _______ _______
muscle fiber
38
organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
4. Tendon or
aponeurosis
39
a fascicle is a bundle of
fibers
40
a muscle fiber is a
muscle cell
41
the endomysium is on top of the ______
sarcolemma
42
the endomysium contains _____ beds, _________ cells, _____ fibers
capillary, myosatellite, nerve
43
myoblasts- embryonic cells fuse to form muscle _____
fibers
44
not all myoblasts-embryonic cells _____
fuse
45
some myoblasts-embryonic cells remain as ______ ___
satellite cells (which can act as repair cells)
46
t-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma into the ________
cytoplasm that encircles the myofibrils
47
myofibrils are 1-2 micrometers in diameter and are the same length as ______ ________
muscle fibers
48
myofibrils are made up of
myofilaments
49
myofilaments contain contractile _______
proteins
50
myofilaments are made up of _______ and _______
actin and myosin
51
the sarcoplasmic reticulum is _____ _____
modified reticulum
52
terminal cisternae is where the SR connects to the
t tubule
53
a single myofibril contains about 10,000 _______
sarcomeres
54
a sarcomere is the functional unit of a ______ _____
muscle fiber
55
sarcomeres z-line consists of _____ _____
alpha actinin
56
a sarcomere has thick filaments called
myosin
57
each myosin has a core of
titin
58
a sarcomere has thin filaments called
acin
59
an i band is called
isotropic
60
i bands are ____ filaments
thin
61
a bands are called
anisotropic
62
ansiotropic bands are ____ _____
dark bands
63
the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores
Ca++
64
Thick filament contain _______ and ______
myosin and titin
65
sliding filament theory
_ band and _ band narrow
H; I
66
sliding filament theory
zones of overlap _____
widen
67
sliding filament theory
_ lines move closer together
z
68
sliding filament theory
myofibrils get ______
shorter
69
sliding filament theory
muscle fiber gets _____
shorter
70
skeletal muscles will have ____ or ______ ends fixed in place
one or both
71
each muscle fiber has _____ ____ end plate
one motor
72
each motor neuron may innervate several ______ ______
muscle fibers
73
a motor unit consists of a ______ _______ and the muscle fibers it innervates
motor neuron
74
fasciculation is the
involuntary muscle twitch
75
The somatic motor neuron releases ach into the ________ ____
synaptic cleft
76
the synaptic cleft releases
acetylcholinesterase
77
the motor end plate has a modified ________
sarcolemma
78
muscles can only ______ or ____
shorten or pull
79
three factors that allows muscle relaxation
duration of neural stimulation
amount of cytosolic ca++
presence of atp
80
the two oxygen sources for muscles are
capillary supply and myoglobin
81
energy sources stored in muscles
atp
transfers energy to creatine in muscles
82
energy sources stored in muscles
CP- creatine phosphate is used to recharge ___ to ___
ADP to ATP
83
energy sources stored in muscles
glycogen provides substrates for aerobic metabolism in _________
mitochondria
84
energy sources stored in muscles
lipids are converted to _____ ___ in ________
acetyl coA in mitochondria
85
the recovery period in muscles
replenish _____ and _____ storage
energy and oxygen
86
the recovery period in muscles
remove/ recycle ____
lactate
86
the recovery period in muscles
disperse _____ generated during contraction
heat
87
the recovery period in muscles
correct __
pH
88
effect of aging on muscles
muscle fibers shrink, less elastic, intolerant to exercise
89
cardiac muscle diameter
10-20 micrometers
90
cardiac muscles are _______ _______ and have a single nuclei
centrally located
90
cardiac muscle length
50-100 micrometers
91
cardiac muscles is ______ muscle
striated
92
cardiac muscle has intercalated dics that allow _______ to beat in rhythum
myocytes
93
cardiac muscle has SR that lacks ______ ______
terminal cisternae
94
in cardiac muscles the T-tubules are ______ and ______
short and broad
95
cardiac muscle has ______ ______ (glycogen and lipids)
energy reserves
96
cardiac muscles have abundant ______ and mitochondria
myoglobin
97
cardiac muscles contract without _____ _____
neural stimulation
98
intercalated discs have ______ junctions
gap
99
intercalated discs have _______
desmosomes
100
automaticity cells are cardiac cells that can contract ______ _____ ____
without neural stimulation
101
pacemaker cells are specialized cardiac cells that ______ ______
spontaneously depolarize
102
smooth muscle is _______
uninucleate
103
smooth muscle muclei centrally _____
located
104
smooth muscles has ______ ______ cells
spindle shaped
105
smooth muscles have no _____
striations
106
smooth muscles lack ______, ____, ____
myofibrils, sarcomeres, and troponin
107
smooth muscles have no ________
t tubules
108
smooth muscles have _______ bodies
dense
109
smooth muscle diameter
5-10 micrometer
110
smooth muscle length
30-2000 micrometer
111
thick filaments have more
myosin heads
