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comparative anatomy > General Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

General Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

excitability

A

responsiveness or irritability

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2
Q

contractility

A

shortens when stimulated

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3
Q

extensibility

A

stretching movement

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4
Q

elasticity

A

muscle can recoil to resting length

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5
Q

muscle tissue origin

A

mesoderm

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6
Q

thee types of muscle

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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7
Q

epimere comes from

A

paraxial mesoderm

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8
Q

epimere tissue is ______ mesoderm located to the neural tube

A

dorsal

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9
Q

myotomes are the epaxial skeletal

A

precursor

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10
Q

a somite has distinct _____ in the trunk

A

segments

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11
Q

somitomere the mesoderm doesn’t form distinct segments in the _____

A

cranium

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12
Q

the hypomere is ventral mesoderm located lateral to the ______

A

coelom

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13
Q

myotome is _______ skeletal muscle

A

hypaxial

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14
Q

hypomere is found in the __ _____, _______ ______

A

GI tract, cardiac muscle

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15
Q

mesenchyme is loosely associated cells derived from ______

A

mesoderm

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16
Q

mesenchyme is found in the

A

blood, connective tissue, smooth muscle and more

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17
Q

somitomeres remain connected but have no distinct ______

A

separation

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18
Q

somitomeres develop into

A

skeletal muscle of the head (including eye muscles)

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18
Q

in paraxial mesoderm the somites are separated and _____

A

distinct

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18
Q

epaxial group

A

transversospinal, longissiumus, and illiocostalis

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18
Q

hypomere develops into ______ skeletal muscle

A

hypaxial

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18
Q

skeletal muscle is around ______ micrometers in diameter

A

100

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18
Q

hypomere develops into the

A

thorax, abdominal wall and throat

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18
Q

myotomes develop into _____ skeletal muscles

A

epaxial

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19
Q

skeletal muscle fibers are up to ___ cm long

A

30

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19
Q

Hypaxial group

A

longus, quadratus

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19
Q

skeletal muscles are ____________

A

multinucleated

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19
Q

nuclei in skeletal muscles are located peripherally and just inside the

A

sarcolemma

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19
Q

skeletal muscle fibers contain numerous

A

mitochondria

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19
Q

each skeletal muscle contains 100’s to 1000’s of

A

myofibrils

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20
Q

myofibrils are composed of bundles of

A

myofilaments

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21
Q

skeletal muscle is voluntary but can be _________

A

unconscious

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22
Q

skeletal muscle produces ______

A

movement

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23
Q

skeletal muscle maintains body _______ and _______

A

posture; position

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24
Q

skeletal muscle supports _______ tissue

A

soft

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25
Q

skeletal muscle is a guard for the bodies _____ and _____

A

entrance and exits

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26
Q

skeletal muscle can maintain the _______ _______

A

body temperature

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27
Q

skeletal muscle can store

A

nutrients

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28
Q

skeletal muscle the motor neuron cell bodies is located in the ______ horn of the spinal cord

A

ventral

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29
Q

skeletal muscle has ______ movement

A

voluntary

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30
Q

skeletal muscle has involuntary _______

A

reflexes

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31
Q

a ligament attaches ______ to _______

A

bone to bone

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32
Q

a tendon attaches _______ _______ to ______

A

skeletal muscle to bone

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33
Q

you can _____ a ligament

A

sprain

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34
Q

you can _____ a tendon

A

strain

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35
Q

organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
1. epimysium is a _____ layer of _____ ______ that surround the entire muscle

A

dense; collagen fibers

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36
Q

organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
2. perimysium _______ and ______ fibers that surround a muscle fascicle

A

collagen ; elastic

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37
Q

organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
3. endomysium- elastic connective tissue that surrounds a _______ _______

A

muscle fiber

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38
Q

organization of skeletal muscle at the tissue level
4. Tendon or

A

aponeurosis

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39
Q

a fascicle is a bundle of

A

fibers

40
Q

a muscle fiber is a

A

muscle cell

41
Q

the endomysium is on top of the ______

A

sarcolemma

42
Q

the endomysium contains _____ beds, _________ cells, _____ fibers

A

capillary, myosatellite, nerve

43
Q

myoblasts- embryonic cells fuse to form muscle _____

A

fibers

44
Q

not all myoblasts-embryonic cells _____

A

fuse

45
Q

some myoblasts-embryonic cells remain as ______ ___

A

satellite cells (which can act as repair cells)

46
Q

t-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma into the ________

A

cytoplasm that encircles the myofibrils

47
Q

myofibrils are 1-2 micrometers in diameter and are the same length as ______ ________

A

muscle fibers

48
Q

myofibrils are made up of

A

myofilaments

49
Q

myofilaments contain contractile _______

A

proteins

50
Q

myofilaments are made up of _______ and _______

A

actin and myosin

51
Q

the sarcoplasmic reticulum is _____ _____

A

modified reticulum

52
Q

terminal cisternae is where the SR connects to the

A

t tubule

53
Q

a single myofibril contains about 10,000 _______

A

sarcomeres

54
Q

a sarcomere is the functional unit of a ______ _____

A

muscle fiber

55
Q

sarcomeres z-line consists of _____ _____

A

alpha actinin

56
Q

a sarcomere has thick filaments called

A

myosin

57
Q

each myosin has a core of

A

titin

58
Q

a sarcomere has thin filaments called

A

acin

59
Q

an i band is called

A

isotropic

60
Q

i bands are ____ filaments

A

thin

61
Q

a bands are called

A

anisotropic

62
Q

ansiotropic bands are ____ _____

A

dark bands

63
Q

the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores

A

Ca++

64
Q

Thick filament contain _______ and ______

A

myosin and titin

65
Q

sliding filament theory
_ band and _ band narrow

A

H; I

66
Q

sliding filament theory
zones of overlap _____

A

widen

67
Q

sliding filament theory
_ lines move closer together

A

z

68
Q

sliding filament theory
myofibrils get ______

A

shorter

69
Q

sliding filament theory
muscle fiber gets _____

A

shorter

70
Q

skeletal muscles will have ____ or ______ ends fixed in place

A

one or both

71
Q

each muscle fiber has _____ ____ end plate

A

one motor

72
Q

each motor neuron may innervate several ______ ______

A

muscle fibers

73
Q

a motor unit consists of a ______ _______ and the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor neuron

74
Q

fasciculation is the

A

involuntary muscle twitch

75
Q

The somatic motor neuron releases ach into the ________ ____

A

synaptic cleft

76
Q

the synaptic cleft releases

A

acetylcholinesterase

77
Q

the motor end plate has a modified ________

A

sarcolemma

78
Q

muscles can only ______ or ____

A

shorten or pull

79
Q

three factors that allows muscle relaxation

A

duration of neural stimulation
amount of cytosolic ca++
presence of atp

80
Q

the two oxygen sources for muscles are

A

capillary supply and myoglobin

81
Q

energy sources stored in muscles
atp

A

transfers energy to creatine in muscles

82
Q

energy sources stored in muscles
CP- creatine phosphate is used to recharge ___ to ___

A

ADP to ATP

83
Q

energy sources stored in muscles
glycogen provides substrates for aerobic metabolism in _________

A

mitochondria

84
Q

energy sources stored in muscles
lipids are converted to _____ ___ in ________

A

acetyl coA in mitochondria

85
Q

the recovery period in muscles
replenish _____ and _____ storage

A

energy and oxygen

86
Q

the recovery period in muscles
remove/ recycle ____

A

lactate

86
Q

the recovery period in muscles
disperse _____ generated during contraction

A

heat

87
Q

the recovery period in muscles
correct __

A

pH

88
Q

effect of aging on muscles

A

muscle fibers shrink, less elastic, intolerant to exercise

89
Q

cardiac muscle diameter

A

10-20 micrometers

90
Q

cardiac muscles are _______ _______ and have a single nuclei

A

centrally located

90
Q

cardiac muscle length

A

50-100 micrometers

91
Q

cardiac muscles is ______ muscle

A

striated

92
Q

cardiac muscle has intercalated dics that allow _______ to beat in rhythum

A

myocytes

93
Q

cardiac muscle has SR that lacks ______ ______

A

terminal cisternae

94
Q

in cardiac muscles the T-tubules are ______ and ______

A

short and broad

95
Q

cardiac muscle has ______ ______ (glycogen and lipids)

A

energy reserves

96
Q

cardiac muscles have abundant ______ and mitochondria

A

myoglobin

97
Q

cardiac muscles contract without _____ _____

A

neural stimulation

98
Q

intercalated discs have ______ junctions

A

gap

99
Q

intercalated discs have _______

A

desmosomes

100
Q

automaticity cells are cardiac cells that can contract ______ _____ ____

A

without neural stimulation

101
Q

pacemaker cells are specialized cardiac cells that ______ ______

A

spontaneously depolarize

102
Q

smooth muscle is _______

A

uninucleate

103
Q

smooth muscle muclei centrally _____

A

located

104
Q

smooth muscles has ______ ______ cells

A

spindle shaped

105
Q

smooth muscles have no _____

A

striations

106
Q

smooth muscles lack ______, ____, ____

A

myofibrils, sarcomeres, and troponin

107
Q

smooth muscles have no ________

A

t tubules

108
Q

smooth muscles have _______ bodies

A

dense

109
Q

smooth muscle diameter

A

5-10 micrometer

110
Q

smooth muscle length

A

30-2000 micrometer

111
Q

thick filaments have more

A

myosin heads

comparative anatomy (17 decks)

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