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comparative anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Explain why the endocrine system is so closely related to the nervous system.

A

The nervous system uses chemical messengers sent by the endocrine system to transmit instructions around the body via the nervous system to key organs

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2
Q

Distinguish between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland.

A

endocrine- secrete to blood stream
exocrine- secrete to ducts

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3
Q

Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics

A

chemical substances that act as a messenger molecules in the body

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4
Q

Distinguish between a steroidal and non-steroidal hormone, in terms of composition and action

A

steroidal-inactivate genes- more lipids
nonsteroidal- active genes- amino acids

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5
Q

Name the three endocrine glands (see above) that are actually divided into two endocrine
glands with different functions

A

pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid

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6
Q

Define the term gonadotropin

A

hormone that stimulates activity in gonads

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7
Q

gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

FSH and LH

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8
Q

what does FSH do

A

males- stimulates maturation of sperm in the testis
females- maturation of ovarian follicle and ovum

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9
Q

What does LH do

A

male- secretion of testosterone
female- ovulation

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10
Q

Explain how the posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones but does secrete them

A

it is continuous with the nerve fibers of the hypothalamus the PPG stores hormones until it is stimulated to release them

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11
Q

Name the gland that requires iodine to produce most of its hormones.

A

thyroid

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12
Q

Describe how calcium levels are maintained in the blood.

A

parathyroid increases calcium and calcitonin decreases calcium levels

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13
Q

Name the two hormones that work together to regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood and therefore regulate blood pressure.

A

aldosterone and cortisol

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14
Q

Describe how glucose levels are maintained in the blood.

A

insulin decreases sugar levels and glucagon increase levels

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15
Q

Explain why the thymus gland decreases in size as we age.

A

most immunity cells are produced in infancy and childhood so the thymus shrinks as its function declines

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16
Q

Name the gland (hormone) whose production is stimulated by sunlight.

A

pineal (melatonin)

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17
Q

male gonads

A

testes

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18
Q

male gonad hormones

A

FSH LH and testosterone

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19
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

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20
Q

female gonad hormones

A

estrogen, fsh, lh, progesterone, and oxytocin

21
Q

TRH is

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone, it targets the thyroid and triggers TSH and comes from the hypothalamus

22
Q

PRH is

A

prolactin-releasing hormone, it targets the mammary gland and triggers prolactin and comes from the hypothalamus

23
Q

PIH is

A

prolactin inhibitory hormone, it targets the mammary gland and inhibits the release of prolactin and comes from the hypothalamus

24
Q

CRH is

A

corticotropic releasing hormone, it targets the adrenal gland and triggers acth release and comes from the hypothalamus

25
Q

GnRH is

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone, it targets ovary and testis and it triggers lh and fsh and comes from the hypothalamus

26
Q

GHRH is

A

growth hormone-releasing hormone, it targets bone and muscle, it triggers GH and comes from the hypothalamus

27
Q

ss is

A

somatostatin, it targets bone and muscle, it inhibits GH and comes from the hypothalamus

28
Q

TSH is

A

thyroid stimulation hormone, it targets the thyroid, triggers the release of hormones and is from the ant pit

29
Q

PRL is

A

prolactin, it targets the mammary gland, it triggers milk production and is from the ant pit

30
Q

ACTH is

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone, targets the adrenal cortex, it triggers the release of cortisol and androgens and is from the ant pit

31
Q

LH is

A

luteinizing hormone targets the testis and ovaries it triggers the menstrual cycle and makes testosterone its from the ant pit

32
Q

FSH is

A

follicle-stimulating hormone, it targets the testis and ovaries, it triggers the menstrual cycle and testicular growth and its from the ant pit

33
Q

GH is

A

growth hormone, it targets bone and muscle, it triggers growth and its from the ant pit

34
Q

MSH is

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone it targets the skin and its from the ant pit

35
Q

OT is

A

oxytocin, it targets myoepithelial cells and breast, it lowers BP and cortisol levels it comes from the post pit

36
Q

ADH is

A

antidiuretic hormone, it targets the kidneys and helps produce less urine, it comes from the post pit

37
Q

aldosterone affects

A

the kidneys colon and more, it triggers the increased absorption of na and k, and its from the adrenal- glomerulosa

38
Q

cortisol affects

A

the liver and muscles, it increases blood glucose and is from the adrenal- fasiculata

39
Q

t3 and t4 affect

A

weight, energy, temp, skin hair and more and it comes from the thyroid

40
Q

calcitonin affects the

A

bones and it triggers the activity of osteoclasts and blood calcium and its from the thyroid

41
Q

PTH is

A

parathyroid hormone it increases blood calcium levels and is from the parathyroid

42
Q

insulin

A

decreases blood glucose and is from the pancreas

43
Q

glucagon

A

decreases blood glucose from the pancreas

44
Q

estrogen affects the

A

primary sex characteristics and is from the ovary

45
Q

progesterone increases

A

the glandular secretion and is from the ovary

46
Q

testosterone affects

A

secondary sex characteristic and increses protein synthesis and is from the testis

47
Q

melatonin

A

makes you tired and is from the pineal gland

48
Q

the thymus produces

A

thymulin and thymosin which regulate immune cells

comparative anatomy (17 decks)

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