Endocrine System

Question 1

Explain why the endocrine system is so closely related to the nervous system.

Answer 1

The nervous system uses chemical messengers sent by the endocrine system to transmit instructions around the body via the nervous system to key organs

Question 2

Distinguish between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland.

Answer 2

endocrine- secrete to blood stream
exocrine- secrete to ducts

Question 3

Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics

Answer 3

chemical substances that act as a messenger molecules in the body

Question 4

Distinguish between a steroidal and non-steroidal hormone, in terms of composition and action

Answer 4

steroidal-inactivate genes- more lipids
nonsteroidal- active genes- amino acids

Question 5

Name the three endocrine glands (see above) that are actually divided into two endocrine
glands with different functions

Answer 5

pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid

Question 6

Define the term gonadotropin

Answer 6

hormone that stimulates activity in gonads

Question 7

gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary

Answer 7

FSH and LH

Question 8

what does FSH do

Answer 8

males- stimulates maturation of sperm in the testis
females- maturation of ovarian follicle and ovum

Question 9

What does LH do

Answer 9

male- secretion of testosterone
female- ovulation

Question 10

Explain how the posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones but does secrete them

Answer 10

it is continuous with the nerve fibers of the hypothalamus the PPG stores hormones until it is stimulated to release them

Question 11

Name the gland that requires iodine to produce most of its hormones.

Answer 11

thyroid

Question 12

Describe how calcium levels are maintained in the blood.

Answer 12

parathyroid increases calcium and calcitonin decreases calcium levels

Question 13

Name the two hormones that work together to regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood and therefore regulate blood pressure.

Answer 13

aldosterone and cortisol

Question 14

Describe how glucose levels are maintained in the blood.

Answer 14

insulin decreases sugar levels and glucagon increase levels

Question 15

Explain why the thymus gland decreases in size as we age.

Answer 15

most immunity cells are produced in infancy and childhood so the thymus shrinks as its function declines

Question 16

Name the gland (hormone) whose production is stimulated by sunlight.

Answer 16

pineal (melatonin)

Question 17

male gonads

Answer 17

testes

Question 18

male gonad hormones

Answer 18

FSH LH and testosterone

Question 19

female gonads

Answer 19

ovaries

Question 20

female gonad hormones

Answer 20

estrogen, fsh, lh, progesterone, and oxytocin

Question 21

TRH is

Answer 21

thyrotropin releasing hormone, it targets the thyroid and triggers TSH and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 22

PRH is

Answer 22

prolactin-releasing hormone, it targets the mammary gland and triggers prolactin and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 23

PIH is

Answer 23

prolactin inhibitory hormone, it targets the mammary gland and inhibits the release of prolactin and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 24

CRH is

Answer 24

corticotropic releasing hormone, it targets the adrenal gland and triggers acth release and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 25

GnRH is

Answer 25

gonadotropin-releasing hormone, it targets ovary and testis and it triggers lh and fsh and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 26

GHRH is

Answer 26

growth hormone-releasing hormone, it targets bone and muscle, it triggers GH and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 27

ss is

Answer 27

somatostatin, it targets bone and muscle, it inhibits GH and comes from the hypothalamus

Question 28

TSH is

Answer 28

thyroid stimulation hormone, it targets the thyroid, triggers the release of hormones and is from the ant pit

Question 29

PRL is

Answer 29

prolactin, it targets the mammary gland, it triggers milk production and is from the ant pit

Question 30

ACTH is

Answer 30

adrenocorticotropic hormone, targets the adrenal cortex, it triggers the release of cortisol and androgens and is from the ant pit

Question 31

LH is

Answer 31

luteinizing hormone targets the testis and ovaries it triggers the menstrual cycle and makes testosterone its from the ant pit

Question 32

FSH is

Answer 32

follicle-stimulating hormone, it targets the testis and ovaries, it triggers the menstrual cycle and testicular growth and its from the ant pit

Question 33

GH is

Answer 33

growth hormone, it targets bone and muscle, it triggers growth and its from the ant pit

Question 34

MSH is

Answer 34

melanocyte-stimulating hormone it targets the skin and its from the ant pit

Question 35

OT is

Answer 35

oxytocin, it targets myoepithelial cells and breast, it lowers BP and cortisol levels it comes from the post pit

Question 36

ADH is

Answer 36

antidiuretic hormone, it targets the kidneys and helps produce less urine, it comes from the post pit

Question 37

aldosterone affects

Answer 37

the kidneys colon and more, it triggers the increased absorption of na and k, and its from the adrenal- glomerulosa

Question 38

cortisol affects

Answer 38

the liver and muscles, it increases blood glucose and is from the adrenal- fasiculata

Question 39

t3 and t4 affect

Answer 39

weight, energy, temp, skin hair and more and it comes from the thyroid

Question 40

calcitonin affects the

Answer 40

bones and it triggers the activity of osteoclasts and blood calcium and its from the thyroid

Question 41

PTH is

Answer 41

parathyroid hormone it increases blood calcium levels and is from the parathyroid

Question 42

insulin

Answer 42

decreases blood glucose and is from the pancreas

Question 43

glucagon

Answer 43

decreases blood glucose from the pancreas

Question 44

estrogen affects the

Answer 44

primary sex characteristics and is from the ovary

Question 45

progesterone increases

Answer 45

the glandular secretion and is from the ovary

Question 46

testosterone affects

Answer 46

secondary sex characteristic and increses protein synthesis and is from the testis

Question 47

melatonin

Answer 47

makes you tired and is from the pineal gland

Question 48

the thymus produces

Answer 48

thymulin and thymosin which regulate immune cells