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comparative anatomy > Cardiovascular Review systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Review systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main components of the human circulatory system and what are the general functions of each

A

blood-carries oxygen
blood vessels- blood flows through
heart-pumps blood

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2
Q

in the basic vertebrate pattern, where are the ventral and dorsal aortas located, and how many aortic arches are present?

A

The ventral aorta is the aortic sac and is located superiorly to the heart. The dorsal aorta is posterior to the heart and close to the spine.
there are three aortic arches completely present

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3
Q

Describe what happens to each of the six aortic arches in mammalian heart development

A

1- mostly deletes but also becomes the maxillary artery
2- mostly deletes but becomes stapedial and hyoid artery
3- becomes the three carotids ( common, internal, and external)
4- adult aortic arch (right subclavian)
5- completely deletes
6- pulmonary arteries (ductus arteriosus)

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4
Q

what are the main structures of the adult mammalian heart and what is the pathway of blood through these areas

A

right and left atrium, right and left ventricle, superior and inferior vena cava, ascending and descending aorta, pulmonary aorta and veins
vena cava- RA-RV-PV; PA LA LV AA Body

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5
Q

how is deoxygenated and oxygenated blood keep separate in birds and mammals

A

there are two circulatory systems that keep them separated

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6
Q

which blood emerges from the left ventricle of birds and mammals

A

oxygenated

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7
Q

which blood emerges from the right ventricle of birds and mammals

A

deoxygenated

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8
Q

in which chordates do you find a complete interventricular septum

A

birds and mammals

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9
Q

what are the main structures of the fish heart and what is the pathway of blood through these areas

A

ventricle and atrium. gills- body-atrium-ventricle-gills

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10
Q

what is the role of the sinus venous

A

collects blood and delivers it to the atrium

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11
Q

what is the role of the atrium

A

receives oxygen-poor blood from body and pumps it to the ventricle

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12
Q

what is the role of the atrioventricular valve

A

separate the atria from the ventricles on each side of the heart and prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during systole

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13
Q

what is the role of the ventricle

A

pump blood to the body/ lungs

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14
Q

what is the role of the conus arteriosus

A

transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk and onto the lungs

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15
Q

what is the role of the semi lunar valves

A

allow blood to be pumped into the arteries but prevent back flow of blood from the arteries into the ventricle

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16
Q

what are afferent branchial arteries?

A

lead deoxygenated blood to the gills from the aortic arones

17
Q

what are efferent branchial arteries?

A

return oxygenated blood from the gills

18
Q

which groups have a two chambered heart

A

fish

19
Q

which groups have a three chambered heart

A

amphibians and reptiles

20
Q

which groups have a four chambered heart

A

birds and mammals

21
Q

what are the main structures of the adult amphibian and reptile heart and what is the pathway of the blood through these areas

A

right and left atrium and ventricle
lungs-LA-ventricle-body-RA-ventricle- lungs

22
Q

what is the difference between the conus arteriosus and the bulbus arteriosus

A

the conus contains myocardium in its walls and has 2 rows of valves. the bulbus has no myocardium and is rich in elastin

23
Q

when the amphibian ventricle contracts which blood is pumped out first oxygenated or deoxygenated

A

deoxygenated because it has already been used so it gets sent to the lungs to be reoxygenated and then back to the heart

24
Q

how does the spiral valve help keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate

A

the spiral valve has two endocardial folds that touch but do not fuse this guides the blood to the specific spots to they do not mix

25
Q

which reptiles have a complete intraventricular septum

A

only crocodiles

26
Q

which reptiles have a foramen of panizza

A

crocodiles

27
Q

what is plasma

A

liquid portion of blood- it carries hormones, proteins, and more

28
Q

RBCs

A

erthrocytes red blood cells

29
Q

wbc

A

leukocytes white blood cells

30
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

31
Q

what do arteries do

A

more blood away from heart

32
Q

what do veins do

A

carry blood towards heart

33
Q

fish heart has _____ artium and ______ ventricle

A

one one

34
Q

the ventricle in ampbibians and reptiles is made up of what

A

mixed blood

35
Q

what are the aortic arches

A

primitive embryonic blood vessels that will form braches of the aorta

comparative anatomy (17 decks)

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