Cardiovascular Review systems Flashcards
what are the main components of the human circulatory system and what are the general functions of each
blood-carries oxygen
blood vessels- blood flows through
heart-pumps blood
in the basic vertebrate pattern, where are the ventral and dorsal aortas located, and how many aortic arches are present?
The ventral aorta is the aortic sac and is located superiorly to the heart. The dorsal aorta is posterior to the heart and close to the spine.
there are three aortic arches completely present
Describe what happens to each of the six aortic arches in mammalian heart development
1- mostly deletes but also becomes the maxillary artery
2- mostly deletes but becomes stapedial and hyoid artery
3- becomes the three carotids ( common, internal, and external)
4- adult aortic arch (right subclavian)
5- completely deletes
6- pulmonary arteries (ductus arteriosus)
what are the main structures of the adult mammalian heart and what is the pathway of blood through these areas
right and left atrium, right and left ventricle, superior and inferior vena cava, ascending and descending aorta, pulmonary aorta and veins
vena cava- RA-RV-PV; PA LA LV AA Body
how is deoxygenated and oxygenated blood keep separate in birds and mammals
there are two circulatory systems that keep them separated
which blood emerges from the left ventricle of birds and mammals
oxygenated
which blood emerges from the right ventricle of birds and mammals
deoxygenated
in which chordates do you find a complete interventricular septum
birds and mammals
what are the main structures of the fish heart and what is the pathway of blood through these areas
ventricle and atrium. gills- body-atrium-ventricle-gills
what is the role of the sinus venous
collects blood and delivers it to the atrium
what is the role of the atrium
receives oxygen-poor blood from body and pumps it to the ventricle
what is the role of the atrioventricular valve
separate the atria from the ventricles on each side of the heart and prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during systole
what is the role of the ventricle
pump blood to the body/ lungs
what is the role of the conus arteriosus
transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk and onto the lungs
what is the role of the semi lunar valves
allow blood to be pumped into the arteries but prevent back flow of blood from the arteries into the ventricle
what are afferent branchial arteries?
lead deoxygenated blood to the gills from the aortic arones
what are efferent branchial arteries?
return oxygenated blood from the gills
which groups have a two chambered heart
fish
which groups have a three chambered heart
amphibians and reptiles
which groups have a four chambered heart
birds and mammals
what are the main structures of the adult amphibian and reptile heart and what is the pathway of the blood through these areas
right and left atrium and ventricle
lungs-LA-ventricle-body-RA-ventricle- lungs
what is the difference between the conus arteriosus and the bulbus arteriosus
the conus contains myocardium in its walls and has 2 rows of valves. the bulbus has no myocardium and is rich in elastin
when the amphibian ventricle contracts which blood is pumped out first oxygenated or deoxygenated
deoxygenated because it has already been used so it gets sent to the lungs to be reoxygenated and then back to the heart
how does the spiral valve help keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
the spiral valve has two endocardial folds that touch but do not fuse this guides the blood to the specific spots to they do not mix
which reptiles have a complete intraventricular septum
only crocodiles
which reptiles have a foramen of panizza
crocodiles
what is plasma
liquid portion of blood- it carries hormones, proteins, and more
RBCs
erthrocytes red blood cells
wbc
leukocytes white blood cells
platelets
thrombocytes
what do arteries do
more blood away from heart
what do veins do
carry blood towards heart
fish heart has _____ artium and ______ ventricle
one one
the ventricle in ampbibians and reptiles is made up of what
mixed blood
what are the aortic arches
primitive embryonic blood vessels that will form braches of the aorta
