Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What are the subdivisions of the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What are the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
what is an axon?
A fiber that connects neurons
What is a dendrite?
Where a neuron receives input from other cells
What is a Cell body?
spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and connects to the dendrites which brings information to the neuron and axon
What is a multipolar neuron?
a neuron that contains a single axon and many dendrites
What is a unipolar neuron?
A neuron that possesses a single axon and one dendrite
What is a bipolar neuron?
a neuron with one cell body and two dendrites
What is grey matter?
substantia grisea, made of cell bodies
What is White matter?
Substantia alba, made of nerve fiber
What is the dorsal root ganglion?
emerges from the dorsal root of spinal nerves, carries sensory messages from various receptors
Which root is primarily sensory?
posterior root is sensory
Which root is primarily motor?
The anterior root is motor
Which group has 10 cranial nerves?
Fish and amphibians
Which groups have 12 cranial nerves?
Reptiles, birds, and mammals
Describe a monosynaptic reflex.
a reflex that provides direct communication between sensory and motor neurons innervating the muscles.
Describe a polysynaptic reflex.
at least one interneuron between sensory neuron and motor neuron
Describe the fate of the first pharyngeal arch.
1- muscles of mastication CN V- masseter muscle, maxillary artery, maxilla, meckels cartilage
Describe the fate of the second pharyngeal arch.
Smilling- cn vii stapedial artery stapes stylohyoid
Describe the fate of the third pharyngeal arch
CN ix glossopharyngeal artery, carotid arteries
Describe the fate of the fourth pharyngeal arch
CN X
Describe the fate of the fifth pharyngeal arch
disappears
Describe the fate of the sixth pharyngeal arch
CN X
Cranial Nerve 1
Olfactory- smell- sensory
Cranial Nerve 2
Optic- vision- sensory
Cranial Nerve 3
Oculomotor- most eye movement- motor
Cranial Nerve 4
Trochlear- moves eye- motor
Cranial Nerve 5
Trigeminal- face sensation, mastication- sensory and motor
Cranial Nerve 6
Abducens- abducts the eye- motor
Cranial Nerve 7
Facial- Facial expression and taste- sensory and motor
Cranial Nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance- Sensory
Cranial Nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal- taste gag reflex- sensory and motor
Cranial Nerve 10
vagus- Gag reflex parasympathetic innervation- Sensory and motor
Cranial Nerve 11
Accessory- shoulder shrug- motor
Cranial Nerve 12
Hypoglossal- swallowing speech- motor
what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
what are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system
fright or flight
what are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
what is the function of sensory receptors
detect changes in the environment and convert these changes into electrical signals that can be processed by the nervous system
What are general visceral receptors and where are they located
receptors found in organs of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
What are some functions of general visceral receptors
send pain info from the digestive tract
