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comparative anatomy > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

what is an axon?

A

A fiber that connects neurons

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5
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Where a neuron receives input from other cells

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6
Q

What is a Cell body?

A

spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and connects to the dendrites which brings information to the neuron and axon

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7
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

a neuron that contains a single axon and many dendrites

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8
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A

A neuron that possesses a single axon and one dendrite

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9
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

a neuron with one cell body and two dendrites

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10
Q

What is grey matter?

A

substantia grisea, made of cell bodies

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11
Q

What is White matter?

A

Substantia alba, made of nerve fiber

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12
Q

What is the dorsal root ganglion?

A

emerges from the dorsal root of spinal nerves, carries sensory messages from various receptors

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13
Q

Which root is primarily sensory?

A

posterior root is sensory

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14
Q

Which root is primarily motor?

A

The anterior root is motor

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15
Q

Which group has 10 cranial nerves?

A

Fish and amphibians

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16
Q

Which groups have 12 cranial nerves?

A

Reptiles, birds, and mammals

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17
Q

Describe a monosynaptic reflex.

A

a reflex that provides direct communication between sensory and motor neurons innervating the muscles.

18
Q

Describe a polysynaptic reflex.

A

at least one interneuron between sensory neuron and motor neuron

19
Q

Describe the fate of the first pharyngeal arch.

A

1- muscles of mastication CN V- masseter muscle, maxillary artery, maxilla, meckels cartilage

20
Q

Describe the fate of the second pharyngeal arch.

A

Smilling- cn vii stapedial artery stapes stylohyoid

21
Q

Describe the fate of the third pharyngeal arch

A

CN ix glossopharyngeal artery, carotid arteries

22
Q

Describe the fate of the fourth pharyngeal arch

A

CN X

23
Q

Describe the fate of the fifth pharyngeal arch

A

disappears

24
Q

Describe the fate of the sixth pharyngeal arch

A

CN X

25
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory- smell- sensory

26
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A

Optic- vision- sensory

27
Q

Cranial Nerve 3

A

Oculomotor- most eye movement- motor

28
Q

Cranial Nerve 4

A

Trochlear- moves eye- motor

29
Q

Cranial Nerve 5

A

Trigeminal- face sensation, mastication- sensory and motor

30
Q

Cranial Nerve 6

A

Abducens- abducts the eye- motor

31
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A

Facial- Facial expression and taste- sensory and motor

32
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance- Sensory

33
Q

Cranial Nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal- taste gag reflex- sensory and motor

34
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A

vagus- Gag reflex parasympathetic innervation- Sensory and motor

35
Q

Cranial Nerve 11

A

Accessory- shoulder shrug- motor

36
Q

Cranial Nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal- swallowing speech- motor

37
Q

what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

38
Q

what are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system

A

fright or flight

39
Q

what are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

40
Q

what is the function of sensory receptors

A

detect changes in the environment and convert these changes into electrical signals that can be processed by the nervous system

41
Q

What are general visceral receptors and where are they located

A

receptors found in organs of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

42
Q

What are some functions of general visceral receptors

A

send pain info from the digestive tract

comparative anatomy (17 decks)

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