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comparative anatomy > skull > Flashcards

skull Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of the vertebrate skull bony fish

A

Splanchnocranium (Visceral Cranium)
Chondracranium (Cartilage Cranium)
Neurocranium
dermatocranium (Dermal Cranium)

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2
Q

splanchocranium develops from

A

pharyngeal arches

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3
Q

mandibular arch has the

A

platoquadrate (incus) and meckels cartilage (malleus

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4
Q

the hyoid arch has the (3)

A

hypomandibular (stapes), ceratobranchial(hyoid), and basibranchial(hyoidbone)

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5
Q

brachial arches 3-7

A

pharyngobranchial, epibranchial, ceratobranchial, hypobranchial, basibranchial

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6
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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7
Q

Chondrocranium
paired cartilages (4)

A

Trabeculae, parachordals, polar cartilages, occipital cartilages

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8
Q

sensory capsules

A

nasal optic otic

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9
Q

what is a beauchene skull

A

a disarticulated exploded skull

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10
Q

cranial bones of the skull (6)

A

occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal (petrous part, internal and external acoustic meatus) sphenoid ethmoid

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11
Q

facial bones of the skull (8)

A

maxillae, palatine, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, lacrimal, vomer, and mandible

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12
Q

Bones that form the orbit (7)

A

Frontal, sphenoid (greater and lesser wing), zygomatic, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, and maxillary

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13
Q

Temporomandibular joint includes (4)

A

Temporal bone, mandibular fossa, mandible, condylar process

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14
Q

parts of ethmoid bone

A

Cribiform plate, crista galli

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15
Q

parts of sphenoid bone

A

sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa

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16
Q

parts of the hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine

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17
Q

lamprey skull

A

no jaw, splanchnocranium (supports pharyngeal slits and roof of mouth)

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18
Q

chondrichthyes skull

A

gnathostome (jawed), branchial arches, spiracle ( opening caudle to eye, reduced gill slit, present in most sharks and rays)

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19
Q

Bony fish

A

jawed, operculum bony covering protecting gills

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20
Q

what are paranasal sinuses

A

mucus and air filled cavities in skull

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21
Q

paranasal sinuses ______ the skull

A

lighten

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22
Q

paranasal sinuses are _______ ______ for speech

A

resonance chambers

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23
Q

What are the 4 skull bones that contain paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

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24
Q

bovine sinuses are located (5)

A

in the front, palatomaxillary, lacrimal, sphenoidal, conchal bones

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25
Q

the three bovine frontal sinus compartments are

A

latera rostral frontal sinus, medial rostral fontal sinus, and caudal frontal sinus

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26
Q

chondrichthyes have a modified ________ attachment

A

Amphistyly

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27
Q

chondrichthyes have a

A

enlarged hyoid arch

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28
Q

chondrichthyes have a absent

A

dermatocranium

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29
Q

chondrichthyes mandible is fromed from

A

meckels cartilage

30
Q

chondrichthyes the platoquadrate is fully

A

functional

31
Q

chondrichthyes the hypomandibular is the hyoid is not directly attached to the

A

palatoquadrate

32
Q

Osteichthyes (bony fish) are __________ so they have jaws

A

Gnathostomes

33
Q

Osteichthyes (bony fish) have a ________ and a _______ that are freely articulated

A

Premaxilla and maxilla

34
Q

Osteichthyes (bony fish) have a lower jar with

35
Q

Osteichthyes (bony fish) have a

A

hyostylic jaw attachment

36
Q

Amphibian skulls have a _______ and a _____

A

premaxilla and maxilla ( typically tooth bearing)

37
Q

Amphibian skulls have a paired ______

A

vomer ( tooth bearing)

38
Q

Amphibian skulls have a ________ which develops from the ________

A

columella; Hypomandibular

39
Q

Amphibian skulls are a _______ so they have ________ jaw attachment

A

Quadrate; Metautostylic

40
Q

Reptiles have a _____ attachment

A

Metautostylic; mandible attaches to the qudrate

41
Q

Reptiles have fenestrae which are

A

opening in the outer dermatocranium

42
Q

anapsids means there are no

43
Q

diapsids have

A

2 temporal fenestrae

44
Q

lizards are modified

45
Q

snakes are missing upper and lower temporal

46
Q

snakes have many multiple cranial bones that are ______

47
Q

osteichthyes- amia is a _______ _____ fish

A

primitive bony

48
Q

modern fish are typically grouped as

49
Q

in mammals the jugal is typically called the

A

zygomatic bone

50
Q

mammals have a ________ attachment

A

craniostylic

51
Q

in bovine the canine and incisive teeth are ______ in the upper jaw

52
Q

instead of teeth in the upper jaw bovine have a

A

dental pad

53
Q

bovine have __ teeth in the lower jaw

54
Q

autostylic

A

auto- self ( upper jaw is connected directly to the cranium)

55
Q

amphistylic

A

amphi-both (upper jaw is braced against the cranium)

56
Q

hyostylic

A

hyo-attachment to the hyoid

57
Q

metautostylic

A

meta-indicated change ( jaw is attached to the braincase through the quadrate bone)

58
Q

craniostylic

A

cranio-attachment to cranium (jaw is directly attached to the skull bone)

59
Q

The splanchnocranium is the _____ cranium

60
Q

The splanchnocranium supports ____

61
Q

The splanchnocranium is the attachment site for ____

A

Respiratory muscles

62
Q

The splanchnocranium contributes to the

A

Jaw and hyoid

63
Q

The Chondrocranium is ______ cranium

64
Q

The Chondrocranium is ventral to the ____

65
Q

The Chondrocranium supports the ____ and _______ organs

A

Brain and sensory

66
Q

The Chondrocranium has ______ bone and ossification

A

Endochondral

67
Q

The dermatocranium is the _____ cranium

68
Q

The dermatocranium is the outer most ____

69
Q

The dermatocranium is predominant in ___

70
Q

The dermatocranium is composed of

A

Dermal bone

71
Q

The dermatocranium has ________ ossification

A

Intramembranous

comparative anatomy (17 decks)

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