The Back- Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards
What separates the vertebrae?
Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs.
What does the vertebral column enable?
Upright posture.
What does the vertebral column support?
Body weight and the skull and allows for its movements.
What does the vertebral column protect?
Protect and transmits spinal cord and spinal nerves.
How is the vertebral column involved in locomotion?
Provides attachment for trunk muscles.
What are the curvatures of the vertebral column?
Has primary (Kyphosis) and secondary (lordosis) curvatures.
When are only primary curvatures present?
In-utero.
What is the structure of the primary curvatures?
Concave anteriorly(kyphosis) and remains in the thoracic and sacral regions.
Are secondary curvatures present in-utero?
No, they do not develop until the infant lifts their head and stands to walk.
What are the structures of the secondary curvatures?
Concave posteriorly (lordosis) and are in cervical and lumbar regions.
What is present in the typical vertebra?
Vertebral body, intervertebral surface, vertebral arch and vertebral foramen.
What is included in the vertebral arch?
Pedicle and lamina
What are susceptible to arthritis and back pain?
Articular facets and joint.
What is the structure of regional vertebra?
Small body, uncinate processes, transverse foramen, bifid spinous process and superior articular facets.
Where is the uncinate process?
At lateral edges, synovial articulation with vertebra above.
What is the structure of superior articular facets?
Flat and facing superiorly and posteriorly.
What movement do the regional vertebra permit?
Flexion, with some lateral flexion.
How many C regional vertebra are there?
2- C1 and C2
What is the name of the C1 regional vertebra?
Atlas
What is the name of the C2 regional vertebra?
Axis
What are the facets called in the atlas regional vertebra?
Superior articular facet and the inferior articular facet.
What is the function of the superior articular facet on the atlas?
To articulate with the occipital condyles.
What are the occipital condyles?
Each of the two rounded knobs at the base of the skull which articulate with the first vertebra.
What is the function of the inferior articular facet?
To articulate with axis.