Heart and Circulation Flashcards
What 4 things make up the cardiovascular system?
Heart
Arterial system
Microcirculation
Venous system
What vein carries deoxygenated blood from the head and upper extremity to the heart?
Superior vena cava
What vein carries deoxygenated blood from the trunk and lower extremity to the heart?
Inferior vena cava
What valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What is the heart surrounded by?
Pericardial sac
Where is the heart positioned?
Lies centrally in the chest between the lungs and pleura, in the middle mediastinum
What word describes how the 4 chambers in the heart work together?
Syncytium
What happens if the blood in the heart starts flowing backwards?
It starts to coagulate
What is the right auricle?
Extension of the right atrium
What is the sternocostal surface?
The front of the heart
Where is the diaphragmatic surface?
Where the heart meets the diaphragm
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
To the pulmonary trunk, which divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries
Where does blood enter the left atrium from?
Left and right superior and inferior pulmonary veins
What is the fossa ovalis?
The site where the foramen ovale would have been found in embryos
What is the foramen ovale?
The opening between the right and left atrium that allowed oxygenated blood from the mother to pass by the foetal lungs
How many pulmonary veins feed into the left atrium?
4
What are the papillary muscles?
Muscles which send tendinous cords to the edges of the valve cusps
What does the acronym LAB RAT, stand for?
Left Atrium Bicuspid, Right Atrium Tricuspid
What is systole?
When the muscles in the heart contract and there is blood flow out
What is diastole?
When the muscles in the heart relax allowing blood flow into the heart
What stops a back flow of blood into the heart during diastole?
The blood forces itself between the cusps and vessel wall, forcing the valve to shut
What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?
To provide blood supply to the heart
Where do the two coronary arteries come from?
They originate from the aortic sinuses just above the valve cusps
Where do coronary veins converge?
Along the coronary sinus which enters the right atrium
How is pumping of the heart controlled?
A wave of conduction passes from the Sino-Atrial node, through the Atrio-ventricular (AV) node.
What is the only route between the SA and AV node?
The bundle of His
What word describes the system of contraction that is needed in the heart?
Synchronous
Which organ controls blood volume?
Kidneys
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Movement of the bulk flow of materials, temperature regulation, homeostasis, host defence
