Text Book Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Satellite cells of muscle are activated under which of theses conditions?

A

All of the above:
Normal muscle fiber growth
Muscle fiber regeneration
Muscle fiber hypertrophy

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2
Q

Which cellular component of the epidermis is a peripheral outpost of the immune system and functions to present antigens to other immune cells?

A

Langerhans’ cells

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3
Q

Which structure is mesodermal in origin?

A

Arrector pili muscle

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4
Q

Craniosynostosis is caused by an abnormal developmental course of the…?

A

Cranial sutures

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5
Q

Which myogenic regulatory factor is expressed latest in the development of a muscle fiber?

A

MRF-4

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6
Q

In the let-down of milk during lactation, the myoepithelial cells contract in response to…?

A

Oxytocin

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7
Q

What component of developing skin determines the nature of hairs that form or the thickness of epidermis in fetus?

A

Dermis

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8
Q

Why is cranial bone typically not found over an area where part of the brain is missing?

A

Brain tissue induces formation of surrounding membranous skeletal elements

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9
Q

Which of the following molecules plays an important role in the determination of the dorsoventral axis of the developing limb?

A

Wnt-7a

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10
Q

What molecule is associated with myogenic cells migrating into the limb bud from the somites?

A

Pax-3

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11
Q

What is the principal function of the AER?

A

Stimulating outgrowth of the limb bud

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12
Q

In the developing limb the shh gene product is produced in the…?

A

ZPA

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13
Q

The connective tissue of the limb arises from the…?

A

Lateral mesoderm

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14
Q

The formation of clubfoot is associated with…?

A

Oligohydramnios

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15
Q

An infant whose mother underwent chorionic villus sampling during pregnancy was born with the tips of two digits missing. What is a possible cause?

A

Tear in amnion could have resulted in amnionic band wrapping around the tips of the digits

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16
Q

A woman who underwent amniocentesis during pregnancy gave birth to a child with a duplicated thumb. What is a possible cause?

A

Genetic mutation:
Unlikely to be caused by the amniocentesis, because morphology of digits is well established by the time the procedure would take place

17
Q

If the somites close to a limb-forming region are experimentally removed, the limbs form without muscles. Why?

A

Muscle-forming cells arise form the somites

18
Q

A child is born with webbed fingers (syndactyly). What is the reason for this anomaly?

A

Absence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in interdigital mesoderm