Lecture 15: Developmental Disorders Flashcards
What are disruptions?
Disturbances in otherwise normal morphogenetic processes.
EX: amniotic bands
What is a malformation?
A primary error of morphogenesis usually involving genetic and environmental factors
What are deformations?
Disturbances in otherwise normal morphogenetic processes caused by abnormal biomechanical forces such as uterine constraints.
EX: clubfoot
What are sequences?
Series of events triggered by one initiating factor.
EX: Oligohydramnios
What are syndromes?
Constellations of congenital anomalies that are thougth to be pathologically related.
EX: viral infection
What period is considered the critical period?
Weeks 3-8
T/F: Genetic mutations are often inherited as autosomal recessive or X-linked diseases.
True
80-90% of fetuses with _____, and other chromosomal abnormalities, die in utero
Aneuploidy
What is often the result of the retention of a polar body or by fertilization by more than one sperm?
Euploidy
T/F: Euploidy fetuses will grow to term.
False, usually results in early spontaneous abortion
What affect would thalidomide have on development?
Limb and ear defects & cardiovascular abnormalities
What affect would alcohol have on development?
Growth & mental retardation & malformation of face and trunk
What affect would retinoic acid have on development?
Facial, thymus, & outflow tract of the heart defects
What are the 2nd most common cause of neonatal mortality?
Prematurity and growth restictions
Hyaline membrane disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, interventricular hemorrhage, & developmental delay are all hazards of what?
Prematurity
