Exam 3: Neural Crest Flashcards
Neural crest cells originate from the _____ _____ of the neural plate.
Lateral margins
Neural crest cells transform into mesenchymal from _____ cells.
Epithelial
What signals are expressed on epithelial side that prevent some epithelial cells from becoming neural crest cells?
BMPs & Wnts
What signal is expressed by the mesoderm to create neural crest cells?
FGF-8
What factors are important in allowing cells to break free for migration?
Snail-1, Snail-2, & Foxd3
The first emigrating neural crest cells take which path?
Ventral/sympathoadrenal path
The second emigrating neural crest cells take which path?
Ventrolateral path
The last wave of emigrating neural crest cells take which path?
Dorsolateral path
What are the 3 ligand/receptor pair guidance molecules?
Robo/Slit
Neuropilin/Semaphorin
Ephrin/Eph
T/F: Later migratory neural crest cells form spinal ganglia.
True
T/F: Early migratory neural crest cells can only form melanoblasts.
False, Late
What happens if you expose rat neural crest cells to glial growth factor in vitro?
They become schwann cells
How do single neural crest cells grown in culture compare to dye-injected neural crest cells in vivo?
Both produce progeny with 2 or more phenotypes
What happens if you transplant trunk neural crest cells into the cranial region?
Forms sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons instead of just sympathetic for the trunk and parasympathetic for the cranial region
What signals promote the differentiation of sympathetic neurons?
Phox-2 & Mash-1
In the sensory lineage pathway, _____ & _____ form sensory neurons, whereas _____ forms schwann cells
Wnt & Catenin
Glial growth factor
What factor/receptor duo is critical in the dispersal of premelanocytes?
Steel factor/c-kit
_____ is characteristic of melanocyte precursors.
Mitf
What inhibits neural crest cells from arising anterior to the diencephalon?
Dickkopf-1
T/F: Cells from R4 & posteriorly do NOT express Hox genes.
False, DO express Hox genes
Which Hox gene is expressed from R4 to pharyngeal arch 2 to prevent if from becoming the first arch?
Hoxa2
Which Hox gene is expressed from R6/R7 to pharyngeal arch 3?
Hox3
Neural crest cells from where form the cardia crest?
Somites 1-3
Neural crest cells from where make the vagal crest & parasympathetic innervation for the digestive tract?
R4-7
Which somites give rise to vagal neural crest?
Somites 1-7
Expression of what prevents trunk neural crest cells to enter the gut?
Slit-2
What do vagal crest cells not express that allows them to enter the gut?
Robo
Pax-3 mutations leading to pigmentation defects, deafness, cleft palate, & ocular hypertelorism are characteristic of what disease?
Waardenburg’s syndrome
A deletion of chromosome 22 characterized by hypoplasia, reduced thymus, thyroid, & parathyroid function, and cardiovascular defects are characteristic of what disease?
DiGeorge syndrome
What is a common genetic disease manifested by multiple neural crest tumors on the skin?
Neurofibromas
