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Zak, Embryology > Lecture 18: Skeletal System Development I > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Skeletal System Development I Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Skeletal tissue is mesodermal.

A

False, mesenchymal, not necessarily mesodermal

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2
Q

What do mesodermal sclerotomes form?

A

Vertebral column, ribs, sternum

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3
Q

What do lateral plate mesoderm form?

A

Limbs and girdles

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4
Q

What do head mesoderm form?

A

Calvaria and base of skull

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5
Q

What do neural crest form?

A

Facial bones

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6
Q

What occurs in the common pathway of bone/cartilage differentiation?

A

N-cadherins promote mesenchymal cell condensation & TGF-beta stimulates synthesis of fibronectin and N-CAM

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7
Q

What occurs in the membranous bone pathway of bone/cartilage differentiation?

A

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts via Runx-2 and Osx.

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8
Q

What occurs during the permanent cartilage pathway of bone/cartilage differentiation?

A

Mesenchymal condensation forms chondroblasts which secrete collagen II and cartilage matrix via Sox-9

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9
Q

What occurs during the endochondral bone pathway of bone/cartilage differentiation?

A

Runx-2, ihh, & BMP-6 induce cartilage to undergo hypertrophy and secrete bone proteins.
Blood vessels bring in osteoblasts to replace cartilage in bone

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10
Q

What is the centrum of a vertebra derived from?

A

Vental and medial paired sclerotomes

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11
Q

What do neural arches arise from?

A

Dorsal regions of sclerotomes

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12
Q

What does the proximal development of costal processes/ribs depend on?

A

Myf-5 and Myf-6

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13
Q

What does the distal development of costal processes/ribs depend on?

A

BMP from somatopleural mesoderm

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14
Q

Which Hox gene is associated with the occipital-cervical boundary?

A

Hox3

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15
Q

Which Hox gene is associated with the cervical-thoracic boundary?

A

Hox6

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16
Q

Which Hox gene is associated with the attached-floating rib boundary?

A

Hox9

17
Q

Which Hox gene is associated with the thoracic-lumbar boundary?

A

Hox10

18
Q

Which Hox gene is associated with the lumbar-sacral boundary?

A

Hox11

19
Q

Which Hox gene is associated with the sacral-coccygeal boundary?

A

Hox13

20
Q

Which Hox gene splits the proatlas anlage?

A

Hoxa-7

21
Q

What happens when all Hox10 is knocked out?

A

Ribs form on all lumbar and sacral vertebrae

22
Q

What is the primordium of the atlas?

A

Posterior C1 & anterior C2

23
Q

What is the primordium of the axis?

A

Posterior C2 & anterior C3

24
Q

What is the sternum derived from?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

25
Q

What does the clavicle arise from?

A

Neural crest

26
Q

T/F: The clavicle is one of the first bones to be ossified.

A

True

27
Q

Hypoplasia of the clavicle, delayed ossification of membrane bones, open anterior and posterior fontanelles in the skull, & supernumerary teeth are symptoms of what?

A

Cleidocranial dysplasia

Zak, Embryology (25 decks)

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