Exam 3: Nervous System Development I Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the mesencephalon from the rhombencephalon?

A

Cephalic flexure

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2
Q

What separates the rhombencephalon from the spinal cord?

A

Cervical flexure

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3
Q

What does the prosencephalon divide into?

A

Telencephalon & diencephalon

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4
Q

What does the telencephalon divide into?

A

Paleocortex, Corpus striatum, & neocortex

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5
Q

What does the diencephalon divide into?

A

Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, & infundibulum

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6
Q

What does the mesencephalon divide into?

A

Stays mesencephalon then into…

Tectum, tegmentum, & cerebral peduncles

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7
Q

What does the rhombencephalon divide into?

A

Metencephalon & myelencephalon

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8
Q

What does the metencephalon divide into?

A

Cerebellum & pons

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9
Q

What does the myelencephalon divide into?

A

Medulla

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10
Q

What is the epithelial progression from early to late neural tube wall formation?

A

Early neural epithelium: simple cuboidal
Neural plate: simple columnar
Early neural tube wall: pseudostratified
Late neural tube wall: stratified

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11
Q

What occurs at the lumenal wall and external limiting membrane of the neural tube?

A

Lumenal wall: mitosis occurs

External limiting membrane: DNA replication

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12
Q

What is the result of neural tube cells if the metaphase plate is perpendicular to the inner margin?

A

Daughter cells remain proliferative

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13
Q

What is the result of neural tube cells if the metaphase plate is parallel to the inner margin?

A

Daughter cells close to lumen remain proliferative.

Daughter cells further from lumen become postmitotic and migrate to external limiting membrane

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14
Q

What do postmitotic neuroblasts express?

A

Notch receptor

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15
Q

What demarcates the roof and basal plates of the neural tube, separating sensory and motor zones?

A

Sulcus limitans

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16
Q

What layer of neural tube is made up of myelinated axons forming from neuroblasts?

A

Marginal layer

17
Q

What layer houses postmitotic cells (neuroblasts)?

A

Mantle layer

18
Q

Oligodendrocytes & Type-1 & Type-2 astrocytes cease mitosis _____ _____ to final differentiation.

A

Immediately prior

19
Q

Cells forming mature neurons cease mitosis prior to _____ neuroblast formation & _____ neuroblast formation.

A

Bipolar.

Multipolar

20
Q

T/F: Radial glial cells cease mitosis and then form Type-1 astrocytes or ependymal cells.

A

False, cease mitosis during migration then resume mitosis

21
Q

What induces formation of the floor plate (ventral signaling)?

A

Shh

22
Q

What does Shh induce the formation of?

A

Motor neurons

23
Q

Dorsalizing is done via ectoderm flanking the neural plate using _____ to induce _____. Later, _____ & _____ maintain the effect.

A

BMP’s
Snail-2
Pax-3 & Pax-7

24
Q

What suppresses expression of Pax-3 & Pax-7?

A

Shh

25
Q

What happens if you graft a second notocord and put it near the original one?

A

A second floor plate is induced

26
Q

What happens if you take away the notocord?

A

The floor plate is incompletely formed and nerve fibers radiate out in all directions

27
Q

What happens if the neural tube on one side of the floor plate is cut while the other side is left intact?

A

The side that is cut will not form properly, but the side still intact will form properly