Final: Urinary System Development

Question 1

T/F: The mesonephric duct becomes the pronephric duct.

Answer 1

False, pronephric becomes mesonephric

Question 2

_____ mesoderm is the source of mesenchyme for urinary/reproductive formation.

Answer 2

Intermediate

Question 3

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 3

Tubule/Nephron

Question 4

What transcription factors induce Lim-1 which causes mesenchymal cells to aggregate into pronephric ducts?

Answer 4

Pax-2 & Pax-8

Question 5

What is the functional kidney in most vertebrate embryos, including humans?

Answer 5

Mesonephros

Question 6

Mesonephric tubules are _____ than pronephric tubules and often _____ in shape.

Answer 6

Longer,

Sigmoid/convoluted

Question 7

The development of the mesonephric tubules is dependent on the presence of the _____.

Answer 7

Pronephric duct

Question 8

What regulates the transformation of the intermediate mesodermal mesenchyme to epithelium?

Answer 8

WT-1

Question 9

What regulates the transformation of the intermediate mesodermal mesenchyme to epithelium in the mesonephros?

Answer 9

WT-1

Question 10

What initiates the formation of the metanephric kidney (final kidney)?

Answer 10

Ureteric bud

Question 11

What gives rise to the adult ureter, renal pelvis, & collecting tubules?

Answer 11

Metanephric diferticulum

Question 12

The mesenchyme surrounding the metanephric diverticula condense into _____ and form the renal tubules of the adult kidney.

Answer 12

Blastemata

Question 13

The mesenchyme surrounding the metanephric diverticula condense into _____ and form the renal tubules of the adult kidney.

Answer 13

Blastemata

Question 14

_____ inhibits ureteric bud formation in certain areas while _____ inhibits _____ in places ureteric bud is supposed to form.

Answer 14

BMP.

Gremlin, BMP

Question 15

What makes the ureter epithelium impermeable to water?

Answer 15

Uroplakins

Question 16

What is termed the absence of any trace of kidney tissue?

Answer 16

Renal agenesis

Question 17

What is the term for bilateral renal agenesis which exhibits flattened nose, wide interpupillary space, receding chin, tapering fingers, low-set ears, hip dislocation, & pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 17

Potter sequence

Question 18

What is the term for bilateral renal agenesis which exhibits flattened nose, wide interpupillary space, receding chin, tapering fingers, low-set ears, hip dislocation, & pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 18

Potter sequence

Question 19

What is the term for an intermediate between renal agenesis and normal kidney function?

Answer 19

Renal hypoplasia

Question 20

What is the term for kidneys that are fused at their inferior poles and are incapable of migrating out of the pelvic cavity due to the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 20

Horseshoe kidney

Question 21

What is the term for formation of tons of cysts of different sizes within the parenchyma of the kidney?

Answer 21

Polycystic disease of the kidney

Question 22

What is a major defect in which the urinary bladder opens through the abdominal wall?

Answer 22

Exstrophy of the bladder