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22 spring: neurology > test questions > Flashcards

test questions Flashcards

1
Q

two types of myelin producing glia

A 
oligodendrocytes (CNS
shwann cells (PNS)
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2
Q

name a glia associated disease

A

MS will eat myelin cells

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3
Q

give example of ligand gated ion channel- extracellular

A

glutamate NMDA (glutamate binds Na in/ K out) -> depolarization

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4
Q

primary intracellular cation

A

K+

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5
Q

primary extracellular anion

A

Cl-

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6
Q

does K more in or out of cell

A

out (wants to be -90)

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7
Q

loss of k causes hyper or depolarizing?

A

hyper = loss of + = more negative

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8
Q

example of a direct transporter

A

Na/K ATPase

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9
Q

an indirect active transporter

A

metabotropic (g protein coupled)
GABAb -> hyperpolarization (loss of K= more negative )

muscarinic Ach

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10
Q

at -10 mV which direction will Na move, if happy place is +67

A

into cell -> depolarization (more positive)

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11
Q

B what type of ion channel

A

depolarization

voltage gated Na channel

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12
Q

absoulte vs relative

A

absolute = Na channels innactive,

relative- Na channels reset, can go if very big AP

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13
Q

GABA would cause ___

A

hyperpolarization (more negative)

lets Cl- into cell (gaba A_

(lets K out of cell) GABAB)

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14
Q

what two factors will improve axon potential conduction velocity and distance?

A

increase diameter of axon

increase amount of Na channels on axon

myelination

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15
Q
A

E

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16
Q
A

C

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17
Q
A

A

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18
Q
A

E

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19
Q

gap junction vs chemical transmission

A
20
Q

how does botulinum work

A

attacks t and v snares, prevent release of NT, = no contraction of muscle

21
Q

SNAREs

A

bind vesicle with NT to plasma and allow release

t and v

22
Q

3 ways to use ACh

A

somatic → Ach cause muscle contraction

Sympathetic → pre to post

para: both pre and post

23
Q

Left is ___, right is ___

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

24
Q

what is in the tegmentum

A

floor of mesencephalon (midbrain)

some reticular nuceli, cerebellar relay nuclei, substantia nigra and crus cerebri

25
Q

what is in the tectum

A

roof of midbrain

superior and inferior colliculi

26
Q

what are projection nuceli and give 3 exmaples

A

nuceli not with CN

VPM

VPL

MGN (medial geniculuate nucelus → from inferior colliculus → primary auditory coetex A1

27
Q

name of the receptor that functions as the rececptor in a tension control system

A

golgi tendon organ

28
Q

withdrawl reflex when it goes wrong is called

A

crossed extension reflex

29
Q
A

contract

30
Q
A

none

31
Q
A

golgi tendon organ fires less frequently causing the motor neuron to fire more rapidly

32
Q

5 lobes and the primary receiving areas in them

A

piriform → smell

frontal - motor cortex

parietal - somatosensory cortex

occipital - visual

temporal - auditory

33
Q

what are the medial group nuceli and where do they project?

A
34
Q

name 4 lateral projection nuceli

A
35
Q

name a disease that effects ion channel?

A

myasthenia gravis ACh receptors (ligand gates) are not working well

will give anti breakdown of Ach to allow more time for ACh to bind

36
Q
A

B voltage sensitive channels are concentrated at active zones

37
Q

what is shared in the inactivated of serotonin and catecholamines

A

MOA

38
Q

what breaks down Ach

A

acetycholinesterase → acetic acid and choline

39
Q

how are amino acid NT inactivated

A

rapid reuptake back into the presynaptic terminal and surrounding glial cell

40
Q

what is a motor neuronal pool

A

group of motor neurons that innervate a spefic muscle

41
Q

gaps in myelin

A

nodes of raniver

42
Q

jumping of AP down axon

A

saltatory conduction

43
Q

calcium channels in the pre synaptic neurons are ___

A

voltage sensitive

44
Q

___ act to bring vesicles close to the membrane

A

SNAREs

45
Q

GABAb is an example of a ___ receptors

A

metabotropic → allow K to leave → hyperpolarization

GABA a is a ionotropic (allows Cl- into cell)

46
Q
A

22 spring: neurology (26 decks)

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