test questions

Question 1

two types of myelin producing glia

Answer 1

oligodendrocytes (CNS
shwann cells (PNS)

Question 2

name a glia associated disease

Answer 2

MS will eat myelin cells

Question 3

give example of ligand gated ion channel- extracellular

Answer 3

glutamate NMDA (glutamate binds Na in/ K out) -> depolarization

Question 4

primary intracellular cation

Answer 4

K+

Question 5

primary extracellular anion

Answer 5

Cl-

Question 6

does K more in or out of cell

Answer 6

out (wants to be -90)

Question 7

loss of k causes hyper or depolarizing?

Answer 7

hyper = loss of + = more negative

Question 8

example of a direct transporter

Answer 8

Na/K ATPase

Question 9

an indirect active transporter

Answer 9

metabotropic (g protein coupled)
GABAb -> hyperpolarization (loss of K= more negative )

muscarinic Ach

Question 10

at -10 mV which direction will Na move, if happy place is +67

Answer 10

into cell -> depolarization (more positive)

Question 11

B what type of ion channel

Answer 11

depolarization

voltage gated Na channel

Question 12

absoulte vs relative

Answer 12

absolute = Na channels innactive,

relative- Na channels reset, can go if very big AP

Question 13

GABA would cause ___

Answer 13

hyperpolarization (more negative)

lets Cl- into cell (gaba A_

(lets K out of cell) GABAB)

Question 14

what two factors will improve axon potential conduction velocity and distance?

Answer 14

increase diameter of axon

increase amount of Na channels on axon

myelination

Question 15

Answer 15

E

Question 16

Answer 16

C

Question 17

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Answer 18

E

Question 19

gap junction vs chemical transmission

Answer 19

Question 20

how does botulinum work

Answer 20

attacks t and v snares, prevent release of NT, = no contraction of muscle

Question 21

SNAREs

Answer 21

bind vesicle with NT to plasma and allow release

t and v

Question 22

3 ways to use ACh

Answer 22

somatic → Ach cause muscle contraction

Sympathetic → pre to post

para: both pre and post

Question 23

Left is ___, right is ___

Answer 23

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Question 24

what is in the tegmentum

Answer 24

floor of mesencephalon (midbrain)

some reticular nuceli, cerebellar relay nuclei, substantia nigra and crus cerebri

Question 25

what is in the tectum

Answer 25

roof of midbrain superior and inferior colliculi

Question 26

what are projection nuceli and give 3 exmaples

Answer 26

nuceli not with CN VPM VPL MGN (medial geniculuate nucelus → from inferior colliculus → primary auditory coetex A1

Question 27

name of the receptor that functions as the rececptor in a tension control system

Answer 27

golgi tendon organ

Question 28

withdrawl reflex when it goes wrong is called

Answer 28

crossed extension reflex

Question 29

Answer 29

contract

Question 30

Answer 30

none

Question 31

Answer 31

golgi tendon organ fires less frequently causing the motor neuron to fire more rapidly

Question 32

5 lobes and the primary receiving areas in them

Answer 32

piriform → smell frontal - motor cortex parietal - somatosensory cortex occipital - visual temporal - auditory

Question 33

what are the medial group nuceli and where do they project?

Answer 33

Question 34

name 4 lateral projection nuceli

Answer 34

Question 35

name a disease that effects ion channel?

Answer 35

myasthenia gravis ACh receptors (ligand gates) are not working well will give anti breakdown of Ach to allow more time for ACh to bind

Question 36

Answer 36

B voltage sensitive channels are concentrated at active zones

Question 37

what is shared in the inactivated of serotonin and catecholamines

Answer 37

MOA

Question 38

what breaks down Ach

Answer 38

acetycholinesterase → acetic acid and choline

Question 39

how are amino acid NT inactivated

Answer 39

rapid reuptake back into the presynaptic terminal and surrounding glial cell

Question 40

what is a motor neuronal pool

Answer 40

group of motor neurons that innervate a spefic muscle

Question 41

gaps in myelin

Answer 41

nodes of raniver

Question 42

jumping of AP down axon

Answer 42

saltatory conduction

Question 43

calcium channels in the pre synaptic neurons are \_\_\_

Answer 43

voltage sensitive

Question 44

\_\_\_ act to bring vesicles close to the membrane

Answer 44

SNAREs

Question 45

GABAb is an example of a ___ receptors

Answer 45

metabotropic → allow K to leave → hyperpolarization GABA a is a ionotropic (allows Cl- into cell)