test 1: lecture 1

Question 1

myelin covering is provided by __ for nerves in the PNS

Answer 1

schwann cells

Question 2

group of cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 2

ganglia

Question 3

cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

pathway in CNS

Answer 4

tract

Question 5

____ provide myelination in the CNS

Answer 5

oligodendrocytes

Question 6

another name for incoordination

Answer 6

ataxia

Question 7

ataxia is ____ and is a problem with ___

Answer 7

incoordination (don’t know where limbs are)

sensory input

Question 8

dysfunction of the motor outputs can cause ___

Answer 8

paresis and paralysis

Question 9

weakness is ___

Answer 9

paresis

Question 10

motor problems cause ___

sensory problems cause ___

Answer 10

paresis (weakness), paralysis

ataxia (incoordination)

Question 11

5 divisions of the spinal cord

Answer 11

C1-5

C6-T2 (arms)

T3-L3

L3-S1 (legs)

S1-S3

Question 12

three major anatomical divisions of the brain

Answer 12

cerebral hemispheres

brain stem

cerebellum

Question 13

three major functional divisions of the brain

Answer 13

• Cerebral hemispheres/diencephalon (moved from anatomical division of brain stem)*
• Brain stem*

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

Cerebellum

Question 14

___ a complete loss of voluntary motor ability

Answer 14

paralysis

Question 15

___ a partial loss of voluntary motor ability; characterized by an inability to fully support weight while walking or standing, and tremoring when trying to stand.

Answer 15

paresis

Question 16

spastic vs flaccid

Answer 16

increased extensor tone

decreased extensor tone

Question 17

Ataxia

Answer 17

incoordination; an inability to predict where a foot will land

Question 18

Spinal/proprioceptive ataxia

Answer 18

characterized by crossing over of the limbs, increased stride length, abduction or circumduction of a limb or limbs, walking on the dorsum of the paw

Question 19

characterized by crossing over of the limbs, increased stride length, abduction or circumduction of a limb or limbs, walking on the dorsum of the paw

Answer 19

Spinal/proprioceptive ataxia

Question 20

loss of balance

Answer 20

Vestibular ataxia

Question 21

Vestibular ataxia

Answer 21

loss of balance

Question 22

dysmetria, characterized by abnormal rate or range of a movement; an over-stepping or goose-stepping gait with a delayed onset of voluntary motion which, when initiated, is exaggerated.

Answer 22

Cerebellar ataxia

Question 23

Cerebellar ataxia

Answer 23

dysmetria, characterized by abnormal rate or range of a movement; an over-stepping or goose-stepping gait with a delayed onset of voluntary motion which, when initiated, is exaggerated.

Question 24

what type of ataxia is over stepping

Answer 24

cerebellar ataxia

Question 25

if you cut motor nerve what happens to muscle

Answer 25

flaccid paralysis

(muscle can’t do voluntary movement and has decreased tone)

Question 26

if you cut a motor tract what happens to the muscle?

Answer 26

spastic paralysis

(increased tone- muscle tense but can’t do voluntary moved)

Question 27

if there is spastic paresis where is the damage?

if there is flaccid paresis where is the damage?

Answer 27

spastic = spinal cord (CNS damage)

flaccid = motor nerve (PNS damage)

Question 28

lesion in yellow causes

Answer 28

seizures and contralateral deficits

different side (cross over)

Question 29

problem below midbrain cause ___

Answer 29

gait abnormalities

ipsilateral deficits (same side- No cross over)

Question 30

what gait would session at motor nerve or muscle cause

Answer 30

No ataxia (no incoordination- not a problem with sensory)

Flaccid paresis/paralysis (caused by motor neuron issue, flaccid = limb problem in PNS not CNS)

Question 31

a gait with no ataxia and flaccid paresis/paralysis is a problem where?

Answer 31

motor nerve in the PNS

Question 32

a problem at L4-S1 would cause ___

Answer 32

thoracic limbs normal

pelvic limbs → flaccid paresis/paralysis (issue with motor neuron in PNS)

Question 33

lesion at T3-L3 would cause

Answer 33

pelvic limb → spinal ataxia and ipsilateral spastic paresis

thoracic limbs → normal

Question 34

Lesion in C6 -T2 would cause

Answer 34

Pelvic limbs → Spinal ataxia & ipsilateral spastic paresis

Thoracic limbs → Ipsilateral flaccid paresis

Question 35

lesion in C1-5 cause

Answer 35

spinal ataxia and ipsilateral spastic paresis

Question 36

lesion in the midbrain/pons/medulla cause

Answer 36

Spinal or vestibular ataxia and spastic tetraparesis/paralysis

and altered mental status

Question 37

lesion in the cerebellum cause

Answer 37

cerebellar ataxia/dysmetria