Test 2: lecture 21 and 22 behavior Flashcards
perception of pain
Nociception
gut brain axis
stress will effect microbiome
change in microbiome changes behavior
GABA is related to ___
depression (inhibitor)
___ is essential in regulating the stress response and defensive behavior
limbic system
___ of an afferent stimulus as a threat or challenge alters the emotional homeostasis
perception
___ is responsible for threat perception and emotional memory
amygdala
___ part of the brain is responsible for memory
hippocampus
___ is responsible for inhibition of emotions
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
___ part of the brain is responsible for the stress response
hypothalamus
4 steps of the stress response
autonomic
neuroendocrine
immune
behvaioral
autonomic stress response
first step (flight or fight)
increased catecholamines, glucose, BP and HR
4 types of behavior stress response
fight
flight
freeze (increased parasympathetic)
fidget (displacement behaviors)
emotions are ___ reactions to a particular stimuli that trigger an internal CNS state giving rise to ___ responses
positive or negative
physiological, behavioral, cognitive
valence can be ___
positive or negative (subjective response)
negative → wants to avoid stimulus
positive → wants to do stimulus again
scalability of emotion
intensity of arousal
persistence of emotion
how long the emotion lasts
length
positive emotions release ___
reward pathway → nucleus striatum → dopamine
pleasure center → cortex and limbic system → opioids
relaxation → raphe nuclei → serotonin
attachment → nucleus accumbens →oxytocin
___ hormones are associated with negative emotions
CRF and norephinephrine
what hormone with stress
norepinephrine (NE) → catecholamines
neuromodulator associated with punishment
5-HT (serotonin)
neuromodulator associated with reward
dopamine
combo of NE and DA →
DA and serotonin→
serotonin and fear →
excited
relaxed
sorrow
fear is associated with what area of the brain and what neuromofulator
amygdala → limbic system→ HPA
Norepinephrine → sympathetic
jumping on someone is what kind of behavior
displacement/fidget
cat looking away, twitch tail then attack
what emotional state?
negative
fear/anger
tail flick/hiss/ears back/looking away→ back legs/tail
pain/irritation in back leg
striatum →
dopamine → reward pathway
Motivation/Reward: caudatus, putamen, nucleus accumbens (striatum)
○ Dopamine (DA)
cortex, limbic system and brain stem work together in the ___ pathway to release __-
pleasure
opioid
+ emotions are related to __
- emotions are related to ___
example of stress related behavior: activation of limbic system with freezing behavior
dog sit very still, large eyes, panting, licking lips
stress related behavior- nociception and activation of limbic system with fight behavior showed
give shot → dog tries to bite
pain → perceived → tries to protect itself
reward-related behavior→ activation of the limbic system and inhibition of the striatum
Motivation/Reward: caudatus, putamen, nucleus accumbens (striatum)
○ Dopamine (DA)
??
stress related behavior → activation of limbic system with a displacement behavior showed
stressed and licking lips, twitching tail, scratching, yawning
stress related behavior → nociception and activation of the limbic system with freeze behavior
shot and freezes
reward related behavior- activation of the striatum and inhibition of the limbic system
Motivation/Reward: caudatus, putamen, nucleus accumbens (striatum)
○ Dopamine (DA)
