Test 2: lecture 21 and 22 behavior

Question 1

perception of pain

Answer 1

Nociception

Question 2

gut brain axis

Answer 2

stress will effect microbiome

change in microbiome changes behavior

Question 3

GABA is related to ___

Answer 3

depression (inhibitor)

Question 4

___ is essential in regulating the stress response and defensive behavior

Answer 4

limbic system

Question 5

___ of an afferent stimulus as a threat or challenge alters the emotional homeostasis

Answer 5

perception

Question 6

___ is responsible for threat perception and emotional memory

Answer 6

amygdala

Question 7

___ part of the brain is responsible for memory

Answer 7

hippocampus

Question 8

___ is responsible for inhibition of emotions

Answer 8

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 9

___ part of the brain is responsible for the stress response

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

4 steps of the stress response

Answer 10

autonomic

neuroendocrine

immune

behvaioral

Question 11

autonomic stress response

Answer 11

first step (flight or fight)

increased catecholamines, glucose, BP and HR

Question 12

4 types of behavior stress response

Answer 12

fight

flight

freeze (increased parasympathetic)

fidget (displacement behaviors)

Question 13

emotions are ___ reactions to a particular stimuli that trigger an internal CNS state giving rise to ___ responses

Answer 13

positive or negative

physiological, behavioral, cognitive

Question 14

valence can be ___

Answer 14

positive or negative (subjective response)

negative → wants to avoid stimulus

positive → wants to do stimulus again

Question 15

scalability of emotion

Answer 15

intensity of arousal

Question 16

persistence of emotion

Answer 16

how long the emotion lasts

length

Question 17

positive emotions release ___

Answer 17

reward pathway → nucleus striatum → dopamine

pleasure center → cortex and limbic system → opioids

relaxation → raphe nuclei → serotonin

attachment → nucleus accumbens →oxytocin

Question 18

___ hormones are associated with negative emotions

Answer 18

CRF and norephinephrine

Question 19

what hormone with stress

Answer 19

norepinephrine (NE) → catecholamines

Question 20

neuromodulator associated with punishment

Answer 20

5-HT (serotonin)

Question 21

neuromodulator associated with reward

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

combo of NE and DA →

DA and serotonin→

serotonin and fear →

Answer 22

excited

relaxed

sorrow

Question 23

fear is associated with what area of the brain and what neuromofulator

Answer 23

amygdala → limbic system→ HPA

Norepinephrine → sympathetic

Question 24

jumping on someone is what kind of behavior

Answer 24

displacement/fidget

Question 25

cat looking away, twitch tail then attack what emotional state?

Answer 25

negative fear/anger tail flick/hiss/ears back/looking away→ back legs/tail pain/irritation in back leg

Question 26

striatum →

Answer 26

dopamine → reward pathway ## Footnote Motivation/Reward: caudatus, putamen, nucleus accumbens (striatum) ○ Dopamine (DA)

Question 27

cortex, limbic system and brain stem work together in the ___ pathway to release \_\_-

Answer 27

pleasure opioid

Question 28

+ emotions are related to \_\_

Answer 28

Question 29

* - emotions are related to \_\_\_

Answer 29

Question 30

example of stress related behavior: activation of limbic system with freezing behavior

Answer 30

dog sit very still, large eyes, panting, licking lips

Question 31

stress related behavior- nociception and activation of limbic system with fight behavior showed

Answer 31

give shot → dog tries to bite pain → perceived → tries to protect itself

Question 32

reward-related behavior→ activation of the limbic system and inhibition of the striatum

Answer 32

Motivation/Reward: caudatus, putamen, nucleus accumbens (striatum) ○ Dopamine (DA) ??

Question 33

stress related behavior → activation of limbic system with a displacement behavior showed

Answer 33

stressed and licking lips, twitching tail, scratching, yawning

Question 34

stress related behavior → nociception and activation of the limbic system with freeze behavior

Answer 34

shot and freezes

Question 35

reward related behavior- activation of the striatum and inhibition of the limbic system

Answer 35

Motivation/Reward: caudatus, putamen, nucleus accumbens (striatum) ○ Dopamine (DA)