test 6 Flashcards
any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body
Disease
any organism that causes disease
Pathogen
any pathogen that is also a microbe
germ
disease caused by
malfunctions of the immune system
Immunological diseases
most common immunological diseases
allergies
disease that is present at birth
Congenital disease
disease resulting from errors in genes
Genetic disease
condition that results from the runaway growth of the body’s own cells
Cancer
tumor that doesn’t spread through body
Benign tumor
tumor that spreads through body
Malignant tumor
a substance that is thought to be capable of causing cancer
Carcinogen
disease that can spread
communicable
one celled prokaryotes
bacteria
small DNA circles that bacteria can use to exchange info
plasmids
three basic shapes of bacterial cells
cocci
bacilli
spirilla
method that bacteria uses to reproduce
binary fission
formulated germ concept of diseases
Pasteur
formulated guidelines for determining if a particular bacterium is the cause of a specific disease
Koch
a molecule of genetic material enclosed in a geometric protein structure
virus
what type of disease does fungus cause?
mycotic
animal capable of carrying disease
vector
a person who spreads a disease without showing any symptoms
carrier
a period of development before the pathogens produce signs or symptoms of disease
Incubation period
an epidemic that affects a large portion of the earth
Pandemic
established the use of antiseptics
Lister
chemical messenger, produced by white blood cells
histamine
chemical messenger produced by virus-infected cells to limit the spread of the virus
interferon
y-shaped protein molecules that fight disease
antibodies
what tissue fluid becomes
lymph
accumulations of lymph nodes in the throat that protect against pathogens entering through the throat
Tonsils and Adenoids
body’s largest lymph organ
Spleen
enzymes that kill bacteria by destroying their cell walls
Lysozymes
what type of immunity is vaccination?
Active acquired immunity
immunity that results from factors other than the presence of antibodies and memory cells
Innate immunity
virus that causes aids
H.I.V
organisms that are effective in stopping the growth of microorganism
antibiotics
best way to fight diseases
prevent them
the oldest record of man’s past
Bible
possess God’s truth/God’s chosen people
Hebrews
Most famous early Hebrew naturalist
Solomon
borrowed the wisdom of the ancients and
built upon it
Greeks
living things come from nonliving things
spontaneous generation
advocated for spontaneous generation
Anaximander
the teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor
evolution
created doctrine of ideas
Plato
created doctrine of intellect
Aristotle
took over a large portion of the earth
Romans
absolute authority to anatomy
Galen
preserved knowledge through middle ages
Nestorians
father of anatomy
Vesalius
the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy
Materialism
wrote first book on microscope
Hooke
first to dedicate life to microscope
Leeuwenhoek
if something is alive it is made up of cells, cells only come from preexisting cells
cell theory
a tentative explanation to a problem
hypothesis
any factor observed or measured
dependent variable
what gets changed
independent variable
experiments in which all factors are identical except the one being tested
controlled experiment
what actually happens
Scientific Law
why something happens
Theory
worked with meat and maggots
Redi
worked with broth and bacteria
Pasteur
the idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life
Scientism
states that life only comes from other living things
The Law of Biogenesis
!!ESSAY OPTION ONE!!
- The suspected pathogen must be identified in each of the diseased animals.
- The suspected pathogen must be grown in a pure culture.
- Organisms from the culture should cause disease when injected into healthy animals.
- The suspected pathogen must be identified in these diseased animals.
!!ESSAY OPTION TWO!!
ways to avoid illness
Frequent hand washing
Temporarily avoiding unnecessary contact between contagious and healthy people
Avoiding or disinfecting contaminated objects
Avoiding or eliminating vectors
Vaccination
