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10th grade biology > midterm... > Flashcards

midterm... Flashcards

1
Q

stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

system of the body designed for homeostasis

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

main organ of integumentary system

A

skin

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4
Q

outer layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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5
Q

pigment for skin cells

A

melanin

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6
Q

protein that hardens skin

A

keratin

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7
Q

second layer of skin

A

dermis

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8
Q

third layer of skin

A

subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

a serious condition caused by log exposure to the sun’s rays

A

skin cancer

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10
Q

most dangerous form of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

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11
Q

oil that waterproofs skin and keeps it flexible

A

sebum

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12
Q

help regulate temperature

A

sweat glands

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13
Q

the removal of waste substances from the body

A

excretion

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14
Q

most important excretory organs

A

kidneys

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15
Q

return of water and molecules to blood during filteration

A

reabsorption

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16
Q

working units of kidneys

A

nephron

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17
Q

liquid waste body produces

A

urine

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18
Q

hormone that controls reabsorption of water

A

ADH

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19
Q

enzyme that increases blood pressure

A

renin

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20
Q

machine that does work for kidney

A

artificial kidney/dialyzer

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21
Q

process where machine does work for kidney

A

dialysis

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22
Q

system that uses chemical messengers to communicate with parts of the body

A

endocrine system

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23
Q

mastery gland

A

pituitary

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24
Q

chemical messengers for body

A

hormones

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25
Q

hormone that controls metabolism

A

thyroxine

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26
Q

growth hormone

A

somatotropin

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27
Q

swelling in neck due to lack of iodine

A

goiter

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28
Q

glands that produce insulin and glucagon

A

islets of langerhans

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29
Q

disease that results when the body doesn’t produce or respond to insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

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30
Q

scientific name for adrenaline

A

epinephrine

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31
Q

other hormones adrenal glands produce besides adrenaline

A

steroids

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32
Q

system that allows for continuation of human race

A

reproductive system

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33
Q

the gland that produces the sleep hormone

A

pineal gland

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34
Q

hormone that governs ability to sleep

A

melatonin

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35
Q

time of physical transition from child to adult

A

adolescence

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36
Q

stage of life in which reproductive organs mature

A

puberty

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37
Q

female reproductive organ

A

ovaries

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38
Q

female reproductive hormone

A

estrogens

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39
Q

male reproductive hormone

A

testosterone

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40
Q

organ that provides place for unborn child to develop

A

uterus

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41
Q

moment of fertilization/ that life begins

A

conception

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42
Q

the 38-to 40-week period from conception to birth

A

Gestation

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43
Q

first 8 weeks of development

A

Embryo

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44
Q

ninth week of development until birth

A

Fetus

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45
Q

connects placenta to child

A

umbilical cord

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46
Q

process of birth

A

labor

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47
Q

study of living things

A

biology

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48
Q

main root with secondary roots that branch off of it

A

taproot system

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49
Q

plants whose flowers produce seeds covered by fruit

A

angiosperms

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50
Q

plants that live for one year (growing season)

plants that live for two years (growing seasons)

plants that live for many years (growing seasons)

A

annual- 1

biennials- 2

perennials- many

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51
Q

part of the plant that is usually found above ground

A

shoot system

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52
Q

trees that lose their leaves each winter

A

deciduous

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53
Q

part of the plant that is ordinarily underground

A

root system

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54
Q

contains developing leaf or stem structures

A

buds

55
Q

two leaves growing from each node

A

opposite arrangement

56
Q

one leaf per node

A

alternate arrangement

57
Q

organisms that make their own food

A

autotrophs/producers

58
Q

plant’s chloroplasts capture the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food (light to food)

A

photosynthesis

59
Q

the transfer of pollen from another to stigma

A

pollination

60
Q

when sperm cell and egg cells unite

A

fertilization

61
Q

reproductive cells of a plant or any other organism

A

gametes

62
Q

fleshy and juicy throughout

A

berry

63
Q

fruit of grass family

A

grain

64
Q

period of inactivity

A

dormancy

65
Q

growth in length

A

primary growth

66
Q

older, inner wood that no longer conducts sap

A

heartwood

67
Q

thick,horizontal stem that goes underground

A

rhizome

68
Q

special stem used for protection

A

thorn

69
Q

protects root as it goes in soil (in end of root)

A

root cap

70
Q

one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

71
Q

seed that is not covered by the wall of an ovary

A

gymnosperm

72
Q

tiny, hair-like threads that act as roots of moss

A

rhizoids

73
Q

the largest of the brown algae

A

kelp

74
Q

any organism that uses both sexual and asexual reproduction

A

alternation of generations

75
Q

smallest of the green,
chlorophyll­ containing organism

A

algae

76
Q

a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body

A

system

77
Q

obtain their nutrition from dead organisms

A

saprophytes

78
Q

the body’s defense against foreign invaders

A

immune system

79
Q

give support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells

A

skeletal system

80
Q

allows for the continuation of the human race

A

reproductive system

81
Q

attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

82
Q

non-living material that surrounds cells

A

matrix

83
Q

tissues that join bones to other bones

A

ligaments

84
Q

tough, rubbery connective tissue that cushions the joints between bone

A

cartilage

85
Q

largest bone in the body

A

femur

86
Q

most freely movable joint

A

ball and socket

87
Q

tissue that manufactures red and white blood cells

A

red bone marrow

88
Q

enlargement of muscles through use

A

hypertrophy

89
Q

muscles found in heart

A

cardiac muscles

90
Q

bones used for protection

A

flat bones

91
Q

degradation of the muscles through use

A

atrophy

92
Q

largest and strongest muscles of the body

A

gluteus maximus

93
Q

cells that rarely reproduce

A

neurons

94
Q

main organ on the nervous system

A

brain

95
Q

what brain and spinal cord make up

A

central nervous system

96
Q

inability of muscles to use

A

paralysis

97
Q

disease characterized by tremors and stiffness

A

parkinson’s disease

98
Q

simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

99
Q

controls the complex muscle movement

A

cerebellum

100
Q

says that a person’s actions can be explained through stimuli

A

behaviorism

101
Q

organs of taste

A

tastebuds

102
Q

nerve that connects nose to brain

A

olfactory nerve

103
Q

nerve that connects eyes and brain

A

optic nerve

104
Q

allow you to see color

A

cone cells

105
Q

allow you to see shades of gray

A

rod cells

106
Q

chemical processes of life

A

metabolism

107
Q

most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

A

carbohydrates

108
Q

molecules characterized by insolubility in water

A

lipids

109
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

110
Q

organs that break and crush food

A

teeth

111
Q

most common disease of man

A

cavity

112
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions that moves food through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

113
Q

primary organ of the digestive system

A

small intestine

114
Q

hormone that signals the liver to remove glucose

A

insulin

115
Q

infection of colon

A

dysentery

116
Q

largest percentage of blood

A

plasma

117
Q

when blood pressure falls to a critical low

A

circulatory shock

118
Q

disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells

A

anemia

119
Q

blood cells that function as part of the immune system

A

white blood cells

120
Q

universal donors

A

O- (o negative)

121
Q

inability of blood to clot

A

hemophilia

122
Q

universal recipients

A

AB+

123
Q

most efficient pump

A

heart

124
Q

the body’s largest artery

A

aorta

125
Q

carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

126
Q

carry blood to the heart

A

veins

127
Q

movement of blood between the heart and the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation (to lungs)

128
Q

systemic circulation in which blood moves through the kidneys

A

renal circulation (to kidneys)

129
Q

portion of systemic circulation in which blood moves to the liver

A

portal circulation (to liver)

130
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

131
Q

microscopic, thin-walled structures that make up the tissue of the lungs

A

alveoli

132
Q

most common respiratory disease

A

common cold

133
Q

can occur in younger people and is far more dangerous that dementia

A

alzheimer’s

10th grade biology (18 decks)

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