7.4--7.6 Flashcards
The place where bones join
joint
join bones rigidly together
Immovable joints
make some bending and twisting motions possible
Slightly movable joints
allow a wide range of motion
Freely movable joints
connect two bones together
ligaments
allows a bone to move back and forth in a single plane
Hinge
clear, water-based lubricant
Synovial fluid
serves as a container for the synovial fluid; formed by ligaments in enclosure
joint capsule
allows only rotational movement
Pivot joint
The most freely movable joints in the body
Ball and socket
allow you to move your fingers up, down, left, and right
Ellipsoid
when one bone slides across the surface of another; one of the simplest types of joints;
Gliding
a saddle-shaped portion of one bone nestles into a saddle-shaped portion of another bone
saddle joint
any inflammation of the joints
Arthritis
Arthritis that comes because cartilage wears out over time(age)
Osteoartritis
Arthritis that comes from disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
when the ligaments have been overstressed
Sprain
where two bones are supposed to be joined together but one of them separates
Dislocation
the ligaments that hold together the joints get torn apart
Torn ligament
muscles that you control
Voluntary muscles
muscles you have no control over
Involuntary muscles
muscle with striped appearance
Skeletal muscle tissue
muscle with looser arrangement
Smooth muscle tissue
similar in structure to skeletal muscle; is specially designed to contract over and over without tiring
Cardiac muscle tissue
responsible for moving the head
Sternocleidomastoid
function to close the jaw
Temporalis and Masseter
permit you to pull your shoulders back or to shrug
Trapezius
found between the ribs and helps expand ribcage when breathing in
Intercostal muscles
lift the upper arms away from the body
Deltoid
responsible for drawing your arms to the rear
Latissimus Dorsi
pulls in arm
Biceps brachii
extends arm
Triceps brachii
special tunnels in the wrist
Carpal tunnel
you use these muscles whenever you sit up from a reclining position
Rectus abdominis
vital to proper posture and giving birth
External oblique
allow you to hold your body upright
Erector spinae
strongest muscle in the body
Gluteus maximus
extends your knee
Quadriceps femoris
bends the leg
Hamstrings
lifts the lower leg and turns it inward
Sartorius
extend the foot downward by pulling up on the heel; largest muscle of the calf
Gastrocnemius
binds the muscle together
Fascia
individual muscle cells
Muscle fibers
extend the length of the muscle cell
Myofibrils
give skeletal muscle its banded, or striated, appearance
Sarcomeres
tell muscles when to retract; in charge of motor function
Motor neurons
where a nerve cell and muscle join
neuromuscular junction
special chemical
Neurotransmitter
motor neuron and the group in controls
Motor unit
When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, it does so completely and then relaxes completely until another nerve impulse reaches it
All-or-none principle
Where muscles grow larger
Hypertrophy
Degradation of the muscles
Atrophy
muscle fibers that contain many mitochondria and large amounts of myoglobin
Red fibers
muscle fibers containing fewer mitochondria and less myoglobin
White fibers
total awareness of body movements
Muscle sense
