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10th grade biology > 7.4--7.6 > Flashcards

7.4--7.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

The place where bones join

A

joint

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2
Q

join bones rigidly together

A

Immovable joints

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3
Q

make some bending and twisting motions possible

A

Slightly movable joints

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4
Q

allow a wide range of motion

A

Freely movable joints

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5
Q

connect two bones together

A

ligaments

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6
Q

allows a bone to move back and forth in a single plane

A

Hinge

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6
Q

clear, water-based lubricant

A

Synovial fluid

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7
Q

serves as a container for the synovial fluid; formed by ligaments in enclosure

A

joint capsule

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8
Q

allows only rotational movement

A

Pivot joint

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8
Q

The most freely movable joints in the body

A

Ball and socket

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9
Q

allow you to move your fingers up, down, left, and right

A

Ellipsoid

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10
Q

when one bone slides across the surface of another; one of the simplest types of joints;

A

Gliding

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11
Q

a saddle-shaped portion of one bone nestles into a saddle-shaped portion of another bone

A

saddle joint

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12
Q

any inflammation of the joints

A

Arthritis

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13
Q

Arthritis that comes because cartilage wears out over time(age)

A

Osteoartritis

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14
Q

Arthritis that comes from disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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15
Q

when the ligaments have been overstressed

A

Sprain

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16
Q

where two bones are supposed to be joined together but one of them separates

A

Dislocation

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17
Q

the ligaments that hold together the joints get torn apart

A

Torn ligament

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18
Q

muscles that you control

A

Voluntary muscles

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19
Q

muscles you have no control over

A

Involuntary muscles

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20
Q

muscle with striped appearance

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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21
Q

muscle with looser arrangement

A

Smooth muscle tissue

22
Q

similar in structure to skeletal muscle; is specially designed to contract over and over without tiring

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

23
Q

responsible for moving the head

A

Sternocleidomastoid

24
Q

function to close the jaw

A

Temporalis and Masseter

25
Q

permit you to pull your shoulders back or to shrug

A

Trapezius

26
Q

found between the ribs and helps expand ribcage when breathing in

A

Intercostal muscles

27
Q

lift the upper arms away from the body

A

Deltoid

28
Q

responsible for drawing your arms to the rear

A

Latissimus Dorsi

29
Q

pulls in arm

A

Biceps brachii

30
Q

extends arm

A

Triceps brachii

31
Q

special tunnels in the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel

32
Q

you use these muscles whenever you sit up from a reclining position

A

Rectus abdominis

33
Q

vital to proper posture and giving birth

A

External oblique

34
Q

allow you to hold your body upright

A

Erector spinae

35
Q

strongest muscle in the body

A

Gluteus maximus

36
Q

extends your knee

A

Quadriceps femoris

37
Q

bends the leg

A

Hamstrings

38
Q

lifts the lower leg and turns it inward

A

Sartorius

39
Q

extend the foot downward by pulling up on the heel; largest muscle of the calf

A

Gastrocnemius

40
Q

binds the muscle together

A

Fascia

41
Q

individual muscle cells

A

Muscle fibers

42
Q

extend the length of the muscle cell

A

Myofibrils

43
Q

give skeletal muscle its banded, or striated, appearance

A

Sarcomeres

44
Q

tell muscles when to retract; in charge of motor function

A

Motor neurons

45
Q

where a nerve cell and muscle join

A

neuromuscular junction

46
Q

special chemical

A

Neurotransmitter

47
Q

motor neuron and the group in controls

A

Motor unit

48
Q

When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, it does so completely and then relaxes completely until another nerve impulse reaches it

A

All-or-none principle

49
Q

Where muscles grow larger

A

Hypertrophy

50
Q

Degradation of the muscles

A

Atrophy

51
Q

muscle fibers that contain many mitochondria and large amounts of myoglobin

A

Red fibers

52
Q

muscle fibers containing fewer mitochondria and less myoglobin

A

White fibers

53
Q

total awareness of body movements

A

Muscle sense

10th grade biology (8 decks)

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