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10th grade biology > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical processes of life

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

the energy content of food/ measure of energy

A

Calories (capital c)

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3
Q

most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

building blocks of protein/what proteins are made of

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

inorganic substanaces

A

Minerals

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5
Q

compounds that are insoluble in water

A

Lipids

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6
Q

energy carrier of the cell

A

ATP

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6
Q

organic substances

A

Vitamin

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6
Q

the breakdown of nutrients

A

Digestion

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7
Q

Scientific name for chewing

A

Mastication

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7
Q

catalyst produced by living cells

A

Enzymes

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8
Q

organs that crush food into smaller pieces

A

Teeth

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9
Q

Scientific name for throat

A

Pharynx

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10
Q

Most common disease of man

A

Cavity

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11
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions that moves food through the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

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12
Q

closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

A

Epiglottis

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12
Q

J shaped structure

A

Stomach

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13
Q

stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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13
Q

most absorption of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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13
Q

produces bile

A

Liver

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14
Q

primary organ of digestive system and absorption

A

Small intestine

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15
Q

place where most chemical digestion occurs

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

the longest section of small intestine

A

Ileum

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17
Q

small finger like projections of small intestine

A

Villi

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18
Q

movement of water

A

absorption

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19
Q

hormone that signals liver to remove glucose

A

insulin

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20
Q

hormone that signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose (adds glucose to bloodstream)

A

glucagon

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21
Q

waste substance that kidneys remove

A

Urea

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22
Q

common food infection caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella

A

salmonellosis/ salmonella(half credit)

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23
Q

illness acquired from food or water contaminated with the bacteria Salmonella Typhi

A

Typhoid fever

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24
Q

one of the bacterias that causes food poisoning

A

Staphylococcus

25
Q

when the colon does not remove enough water

A

Diarrhea

26
Q

infection of colon

A

disentary

27
Q

one of the most common forms of cancer

A

colon cancer

28
Q

makes up the largest percentage of blood

A

plasma

29
Q

body’s blood pressure falls to a critical low

A

circulatory shock

30
Q

scientific name for red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

31
Q

iron containing blood protein

A

hemoglobin

32
Q

disorder resulting from too little oxygen reaching cells

A

anemia

33
Q

where red blood cells are produced

A

red bone marrow

34
Q

where excess red blood cells are produced

A

spleen

35
Q

cells part of immune system

A

white blood cells

36
Q

helps to seal breaks in blood vessels

A

platelets

37
Q

partial or complete inability to form blood clot

A

hemophilia

38
Q

universal reciprocate

A

AB positive

39
Q

universal donor

A

O negative

40
Q

First to find RH factor

A

Rhesus monkey

41
Q

worlds most efficient pump

A

heart

42
Q

touch, white sack that encloses heart

A

pericardium

43
Q

the upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

44
Q

lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

45
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

S-A node

46
Q

contracting and pumping phase of the heart

A

systole

47
Q

resting and filling phase of he heart

A

diastole

48
Q

abnormal rushing sound

A

heart murmur

49
Q

the blood vessels that take blood away from the heart

A

arteries

50
Q

take blood to the heart

A

veins

51
Q

allow for exchange of gases between veins and arteries

A

capillaries

52
Q

The movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

A

systemic circulation

53
Q

the flow of blood to the heart muscle

A

Coronary circulation

54
Q

circulation that allows the blood to be filtered through kidney

A

renal circulation

55
Q

circulation that allows the blood to be filtered through liver

A

portal circulation

56
Q

movement of blood between the heart and the lung

A

pulmonary circulation

57
Q

condition in which resting blood pressure exceeds normal amount

A

hypertension

58
Q

disease of liver caused by alcohol

A

cirrhosis

59
Q

rhythmic pressure change

A

pulse

60
Q

the leading cause of death among americans

A

cardiovascular disease

61
Q

main organs of the respiratory system

A

lungs

62
Q

tube that carries air from the pharynx to the lungs

A

trachea

63
Q

the thin-walled air sacs at the ends of the smallest bronchial tubes in the lungs

A

alveoli

64
Q

scientific name for voice box

A

larynx

65
Q

movable floor that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

66
Q

maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled

A

vital capacity

67
Q

volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

A

TIdal volume

68
Q

most common respiratory disease

A

Common cold

69
Q

respiratory disease where lungs can’t defend themselves from bacteria and may fill with mucus

A

C-F

70
Q

cancer that can be avoided by not smoking; lung disease

A

Lung cancer

10th grade biology (18 decks)

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