ch12(208-218) Flashcards
any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body
Disease
microscopic organism
Microbes
microbes that cause disease
Germ
any organism that causes disease
Pathogen
diseases caused by invading pathogens
Infectious disease
a disease that is not caused by pathogens
Noninfectious disease
short but severe symptoms
Acute disease
long but less severe symptoms
Chronic disease
disease in which organs and tissues gradually lose their ability to function properly
Degenerative disease
malfunctions of the immune system
Immunological diseases
most common immunological diseases
allergies
diseases in which the immune system attacks the body
Autoimmune disease
disease that occurs during development in the mother’s womb and is present at birth
Congenital diseases
diseases resulting from errors in genes
Genetic diseases
malfunctions of the endocrine system
Hormonal diseases
an improper diet
malnutrition
caused by an improper diet (malnutrition)
Nutritional diseases
A diet low in vitamins, minerals, or certain other nutrients
Deficiency disease
caused by an excess of nutrients
Obesity
condition that results from the runaway growth of the body’s own cells
Cancer
mass of rapidly reproducing cells
Tumor
shows no tendency to spread through the body
Benign tumor
tumor that spreads through body
Malignant tumor
Causes of Cancer
Hereditary defects
Nutrition
Smoking or drug abuse
cancers that develop from mutated epithelial cells
Carcinomas
cancers that develop from mutated connective tissue cells
Sarcomas
cancers that develop from mutated lymphocytes or from lymphatic tissue
Lymphomas
form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers
Leukemia
One of the most important factors in treating cancer is to ____
treat the cancer early, before it has spread
a substance that is thought to be capable of causing cancer
Carcinogen
one of the most common and most deadly cancers
Lung cancer
a group of special tumor prone labora laboratory rats are fed extraordinary doses of the chemical being tested
High-dose rodent tests
involves applying small amounts of the chemical to a bacterial culture and testing the cells for genetic mutations
Ames test
causing mutations
Mutagenic