ch12(208-218)

Question 1

any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

microscopic organism

Answer 2

Microbes

Question 3

microbes that cause disease

Answer 3

Germ

Question 4

any organism that causes disease

Answer 4

Pathogen

Question 5

diseases caused by invading pathogens

Answer 5

Infectious disease

Question 6

a disease that is not caused by pathogens

Answer 6

Noninfectious disease

Question 7

short but severe symptoms

Answer 7

Acute disease

Question 8

long but less severe symptoms

Answer 8

Chronic disease

Question 9

disease in which organs and tissues gradually lose their ability to function properly

Answer 9

Degenerative disease

Question 10

malfunctions of the immune system

Answer 10

Immunological diseases

Question 11

most common immunological diseases

Answer 11

allergies

Question 12

diseases in which the immune system attacks the body

Answer 12

Autoimmune disease

Question 13

disease that occurs during development in the mother’s womb and is present at birth

Answer 13

Congenital diseases

Question 14

diseases resulting from errors in genes

Answer 14

Genetic diseases

Question 15

malfunctions of the endocrine system

Answer 15

Hormonal diseases

Question 16

an improper diet

Answer 16

malnutrition

Question 17

caused by an improper diet (malnutrition)

Answer 17

Nutritional diseases

Question 18

A diet low in vitamins, minerals, or certain other nutrients

Answer 18

Deficiency disease

Question 19

caused by an excess of nutrients

Answer 19

Obesity

Question 20

condition that results from the runaway growth of the body’s own cells

Answer 20

Cancer

Question 21

mass of rapidly reproducing cells

Answer 21

Tumor

Question 22

shows no tendency to spread through the body

Answer 22

Benign tumor

Question 23

tumor that spreads through body

Answer 23

Malignant tumor

Question 24

Causes of Cancer

Answer 24

Hereditary defects
Nutrition
Smoking or drug abuse

Question 25

cancers that develop from mutated epithelial cells

Answer 25

Carcinomas

Question 26

cancers that develop from mutated connective tissue cells

Answer 26

Sarcomas

Question 27

cancers that develop from mutated lymphocytes or from lymphatic tissue

Answer 27

Lymphomas

Question 28

form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers

Answer 28

Leukemia

Question 29

One of the most important factors in treating cancer is to ____

Answer 29

treat the cancer early, before it has spread

Question 30

a substance that is thought to be capable of causing cancer

Answer 30

Carcinogen

Question 31

one of the most common and most deadly cancers

Answer 31

Lung cancer

Question 32

a group of special tumor prone labora­ laboratory rats are fed extraordinary doses of the chemical being tested

Answer 32

High-dose rodent tests

Question 33

involves applying small amounts of the chemical to a bacterial culture and testing the cells for genetic mutations

Answer 33

Ames test

Question 34

causing mutations

Answer 34

Mutagenic