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10th grade biology > test 4 > Flashcards

test 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

place where bones join together

A

joints

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2
Q

most freely movable joints

A

ball and socket

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3
Q

joints between the metacarpals and phalanges/ joints found in hand

A

ellipsoid

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4
Q

joints that allow for movement on a single plain

A

hinge joint

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5
Q

inflammation of the joint

A

arthritis

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6
Q

overstressing of a joint

A

sprain

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7
Q

muscles under conscious control

A

voluntary

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8
Q

muscle found in heart

A

cardiac muscle

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8
Q

muscles not under conscious control

A

involuntary

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9
Q

type of cells found in involuntary muscles

A

smooth muscle cells

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10
Q

primary function is to move the parts of the skeleton

A

skeletal muscle

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11
Q

striped appearance of skeletal muscle

A

striated

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12
Q

function to close the jaw

A

temporalis muscle and masseter

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13
Q

muscle that allows you to shrug shoulders

A

trapezius

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14
Q

allows you to bend arm at elbow

A

biceps brachii

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14
Q

allows you to sit up from reclining position

A

rectus abdominis

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15
Q

allows you to extend arm at elbow

A

triceps brachii

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16
Q

largest and strongest muscle

A

gluteus maximus

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17
Q

bends the leg at the knee

A

hamstrings

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17
Q

extends leg at knee

A

quadriceps femoris

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18
Q

Degradation of the muscles

A

atrophy

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19
Q

tough, translucent sheath that covers muscles

A

fascia

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19
Q

enlargement of muscles through use

A

hypertrophy

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19
Q

motor neuron and the group it controls

A

motor unit

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20
Q

part of nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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21
Q

fast twitch?
slow twitch?

A

white fibers
red fibers

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22
Q

supports and insulates nerve tissues

A

glial cells

22
Q

principle organ of nervous system

A

brain

22
Q

triple layer of protection for brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

23
Q

contain myelin?
lack myelin?

A

white matter
gray matter

23
Q

tightly sealed capillary walls

A

blood brain barrier

24
Q

disease that attacks spinal cord

A

polio

24
Q

disease where body attacks glial cells

A

MS

25
Q

infection of meninges

A

meningitis

25
Q

controls involuntary functions

A

autonomic nervous system

26
Q

cells that rarely reproduce

A

neurons

26
Q

simplest act of nervous system

A

reflex

27
Q

part of brain that controls thinking

A

cerebrum

27
Q

the inability of muscles to move

A

paralysis

28
Q

controls left side of body

A

right hemisphere

28
Q

allows 2 hemispheres to communicate with each other

A

corpus callosum

29
Q

damage to motor area

A

cerebral palsy

29
Q

portion of brain that controls motion/movement

A

motor area

30
Q

part of brain that handles complex muscle coordination

A

cerebellum

30
Q

responsible for physical effects of emotion

A

hypothalamus

31
Q

controls the involuntary muscles and activities of the autonomic nervous system

A

brain stem

31
Q

most common serious injury of nervous system

A

stroke

32
Q

idea that a persons actions can be explained as responses to particular stimuli

A

behaviorism

33
Q

responds to heat, cold, and stress

A

pain receptors

33
Q

respond to changes in temperature

A

thermoreceptors

33
Q

organs responsible for taste

A

taste buds

34
Q

state of prolonged unconsciousness

A

coma

34
Q

two of special senses

A

taste and smell

35
Q

nerve that connects nose to brain

A

olfactory nerve

35
Q

white of the eye

A

sclera

36
Q

causes you to hear your voice differently

A

bone conduction

37
Q

nerve that connects ear with brain

A

auditory nerve

37
Q

area of clearest vision

A

Fovea

37
Q

misshapen cornea; causes blurry vision

A

astigmatism

37
Q

nerve of the eye

A

optic nerve

38
Q

most important part of the eye for vision

A

retra

39
Q

People who cannot distinguish one or more of the
primary colors of light

A

color blind

39
Q

responsible for our ability to see in color

A

cones

39
Q

a con­dition in which the pressure of the fluid inside the eye becomes much higher than normal, causing permanent damage to the cells of the optic nerve (a condition where optic nerve is damaged)

A

glaucoma

39
Q

enable us to see shades of gray

A

rods

40
Q

two essay options:

A

alcohol and nerves (including ms and parkinson’s)

41
Q

info about alcohol from reading (for essay):

A

One of the most commonly abused drugs in the
world today is alcohol.

Alcohol acts as a depressant of the central nervous system

Small amounts of alcohol begin with the controlling centers of the brain, producing a general loss of inhibitions, or self­ control.

The only organ able to break down alcohol is the liver

The effects are long term. some examples are heart disease and kidney failure.

10th grade biology (11 decks)

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