test 4 Flashcards
place where bones join together
joints
most freely movable joints
ball and socket
joints between the metacarpals and phalanges/ joints found in hand
ellipsoid
joints that allow for movement on a single plain
hinge joint
inflammation of the joint
arthritis
overstressing of a joint
sprain
muscles under conscious control
voluntary
muscle found in heart
cardiac muscle
muscles not under conscious control
involuntary
type of cells found in involuntary muscles
smooth muscle cells
primary function is to move the parts of the skeleton
skeletal muscle
striped appearance of skeletal muscle
striated
function to close the jaw
temporalis muscle and masseter
muscle that allows you to shrug shoulders
trapezius
allows you to bend arm at elbow
biceps brachii
allows you to sit up from reclining position
rectus abdominis
allows you to extend arm at elbow
triceps brachii
largest and strongest muscle
gluteus maximus
bends the leg at the knee
hamstrings
extends leg at knee
quadriceps femoris
Degradation of the muscles
atrophy
tough, translucent sheath that covers muscles
fascia
enlargement of muscles through use
hypertrophy
motor neuron and the group it controls
motor unit
part of nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
fast twitch?
slow twitch?
white fibers
red fibers
supports and insulates nerve tissues
glial cells
principle organ of nervous system
brain
triple layer of protection for brain and spinal cord
meninges
contain myelin?
lack myelin?
white matter
gray matter
tightly sealed capillary walls
blood brain barrier
disease that attacks spinal cord
polio
disease where body attacks glial cells
MS
infection of meninges
meningitis
controls involuntary functions
autonomic nervous system
cells that rarely reproduce
neurons
simplest act of nervous system
reflex
part of brain that controls thinking
cerebrum
the inability of muscles to move
paralysis
controls left side of body
right hemisphere
allows 2 hemispheres to communicate with each other
corpus callosum
damage to motor area
cerebral palsy
portion of brain that controls motion/movement
motor area
part of brain that handles complex muscle coordination
cerebellum
responsible for physical effects of emotion
hypothalamus
controls the involuntary muscles and activities of the autonomic nervous system
brain stem
most common serious injury of nervous system
stroke
idea that a persons actions can be explained as responses to particular stimuli
behaviorism
responds to heat, cold, and stress
pain receptors
respond to changes in temperature
thermoreceptors
organs responsible for taste
taste buds
state of prolonged unconsciousness
coma
two of special senses
taste and smell
nerve that connects nose to brain
olfactory nerve
white of the eye
sclera
causes you to hear your voice differently
bone conduction
nerve that connects ear with brain
auditory nerve
area of clearest vision
Fovea
misshapen cornea; causes blurry vision
astigmatism
nerve of the eye
optic nerve
most important part of the eye for vision
retra
People who cannot distinguish one or more of the
primary colors of light
color blind
responsible for our ability to see in color
cones
a condition in which the pressure of the fluid inside the eye becomes much higher than normal, causing permanent damage to the cells of the optic nerve (a condition where optic nerve is damaged)
glaucoma
enable us to see shades of gray
rods
two essay options:
alcohol and nerves (including ms and parkinson’s)
info about alcohol from reading (for essay):
One of the most commonly abused drugs in the
world today is alcohol.
Alcohol acts as a depressant of the central nervous system
Small amounts of alcohol begin with the controlling centers of the brain, producing a general loss of inhibitions, or self control.
The only organ able to break down alcohol is the liver
The effects are long term. some examples are heart disease and kidney failure.
