11.1-11.2 Flashcards
a stable internal environment
Homeostasis
designed for homeostasis; also known as skin
Integumentary system
organ of integumentary system; covers the outside of the body
Skin
Three purposes of skin
Communication
Secretion
Protection
Sense receptors in the skin notify the brain of conditions affecting the body
Communication
provides moisture (sweat) to cool the body and oil to keep it from drying out
Secretion
prevents harmful microorganisms and chemicals from reaching delicate tissues beneath it
Protection
Italian scientist that learned of the design of the integumentary system through his microscopic studies
Marcello Malpighi
outer layer of skin; part of the skin that is exposed to the environment
Epidermis
outermost cells of the epidermis
Squamous epithelial cells
living cells that rapidly reproduce
Germinative cells
a buildup of epidermal cells
Callus
results when the immune system attacks epidermal cells, causing them to be formed and discarded too rapidly
Psoriasis
When the epidermal cells of the scalp replenish themselves too rapidly, and the dead skin cells begin to flake
Dandruff
tough, waterproof protein fiber that strengthens and hardens skin cells
Keratin
main pigment responsible for skin color
Melanin
do not produce melanin
Albinism
layer of skin below epidermis
dermis
protein fiber in the dermis that gives skin its ability to stretch and its elasticity
Elastin
tough, resilient protein fiber that reinforces bone
Collagen
fatty layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis
Subcutaneous layer
too much exposure to sun
Sunburn
cancer caused by overexposure to sun rays
Skin cancer
protects skin of ultraviolet rays
tanning
most dangerous form of skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
designed to manufacture hair
Hair follicle
built from epidermal cells that fully keratinized; visible part of hair
Hair shaft
gives hair its color
Melanin
Purpose of hair
Homeostasis
smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle
Arrector pili
when arrector pili contracts
Goosebumps
glands that produce oil
Sebaceous glands
oil produced by sebaceous glands
Sebum
excess oil clogging the hair follicle opening
Blackhead
help regulate body temperature
Sweat glands
induced by exercise; not enough water
dehydration
openings in the skin
pores
connect pores to sweat glands
sweat ducts
signals the sweat glands to begin producing perspiration when the body temperature rises above normal
Hypothalamus
skin is damaged by heat
burn
destroy the epidermis and dermis
Third-degree burn
damage the top of the dermis
Second-degree burn
damage only the epidermis
First-degree burn
the process of removing waste products from the body
Excretion
removal of liquid waste
Urinary system
cleanse the blood of wastes and remove those wastes from the body
kidneys
working units of kidneys
Nephrons
a sieve-like structure
Glomerulus
collects the water and dissolved substances that escape the blood through the holes
Bowman’s capsule
long, thin tube which is surrounded by hundreds of blood capillaries
Renal tubule
the return of molecules
Reabsorption
waste products plus water
Urine
increases blood pressure in the kidneys
Renin
signals the kidneys to reabsorb more water and produce less urine
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
machine that filters the blood/does the work of the kidney
Artificial kidney/dialyzer
process of separating molecules of different sizes using a membrane (used by artificial kidneys)
Dialysis
depresses the ADH production of the hypothalamus
Alcohol
substances that normally dissolve crystallize
Kidney stones
potentially severe infection of the urinary system
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
