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10th grade biology > 11.1-11.2 > Flashcards

11.1-11.2 Flashcards

1
Q

a stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

designed for homeostasis; also known as skin

A

Integumentary system

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3
Q

organ of integumentary system; covers the outside of the body

A

Skin

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4
Q

Three purposes of skin

A

Communication
Secretion
Protection

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5
Q

Sense receptors in the skin notify the brain of conditions affecting the body

A

Communication

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6
Q

provides moisture (sweat) to cool the body and oil to keep it from drying out

A

Secretion

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7
Q

prevents harmful microorganisms and chemicals from reaching delicate tissues beneath it

A

Protection

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8
Q

Italian scientist that learned of the design of the integumentary system through his microscopic studies

A

Marcello Malpighi

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9
Q

outer layer of skin; part of the skin that is exposed to the environment

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

outermost cells of the epidermis

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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11
Q

living cells that rapidly reproduce

A

Germinative cells

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12
Q

a buildup of epidermal cells

A

Callus

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13
Q

results when the immune system attacks epidermal cells, causing them to be formed and discarded too rapidly

A

Psoriasis

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14
Q

When the epidermal cells of the scalp replenish themselves too rapidly, and the dead skin cells begin to flake

A

Dandruff

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15
Q

tough, waterproof protein fiber that strengthens and hardens skin cells

A

Keratin

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16
Q

main pigment responsible for skin color

A

Melanin

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17
Q

do not produce melanin

A

Albinism

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18
Q

layer of skin below epidermis

A

dermis

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19
Q

protein fiber in the dermis that gives skin its ability to stretch and its elasticity

A

Elastin

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20
Q

tough, resilient protein fiber that reinforces bone

A

Collagen

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21
Q

fatty layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis

A

Subcutaneous layer

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22
Q

too much exposure to sun

A

Sunburn

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23
Q

cancer caused by overexposure to sun rays

A

Skin cancer

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24
Q

protects skin of ultraviolet rays

A

tanning

25
Q

most dangerous form of skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

26
Q

designed to manufacture hair

A

Hair follicle

27
Q

built from epidermal cells that fully keratinized; visible part of hair

A

Hair shaft

28
Q

gives hair its color

A

Melanin

29
Q

Purpose of hair

A

Homeostasis

29
Q

smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle

A

Arrector pili

30
Q

when arrector pili contracts

A

Goosebumps

31
Q

glands that produce oil

A

Sebaceous glands

32
Q

oil produced by sebaceous glands

A

Sebum

33
Q

excess oil clogging the hair follicle opening

A

Blackhead

34
Q

help regulate body temperature

A

Sweat glands

35
Q

induced by exercise; not enough water

A

dehydration

36
Q

openings in the skin

A

pores

37
Q

connect pores to sweat glands

A

sweat ducts

38
Q

signals the sweat glands to begin producing perspiration when the body temperature rises above normal

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

skin is damaged by heat

A

burn

40
Q

destroy the epidermis and dermis

A

Third-degree burn

41
Q

damage the top of the dermis

A

Second-degree burn

42
Q

damage only the epidermis

A

First-degree burn

43
Q

the process of removing waste products from the body

A

Excretion

44
Q

removal of liquid waste

A

Urinary system

45
Q

cleanse the blood of wastes and remove those wastes from the body

A

kidneys

46
Q

working units of kidneys

A

Nephrons

47
Q

a sieve-like structure

A

Glomerulus

47
Q

collects the water and dissolved substances that escape the blood through the holes

A

Bowman’s capsule

48
Q

long, thin tube which is surrounded by hundreds of blood capillaries

A

Renal tubule

49
Q

the return of molecules

A

Reabsorption

50
Q

waste products plus water

A

Urine

51
Q

increases blood pressure in the kidneys

A

Renin

52
Q

signals the kidneys to reabsorb more water and produce less urine

A

ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

53
Q

machine that filters the blood/does the work of the kidney

A

Artificial kidney/dialyzer

54
Q

process of separating molecules of different sizes using a membrane (used by artificial kidneys)

A

Dialysis

55
Q

depresses the ADH production of the hypothalamus

A

Alcohol

56
Q

substances that normally dissolve crystallize

A

Kidney stones

57
Q

potentially severe infection of the urinary system

A

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

10th grade biology (20 decks)

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