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10th grade biology > 9.1-9.2 > Flashcards

9.1-9.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

chemical processes of life

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

the elements and compounds that your body needs for energy, repair, and growth

A

Nutrients

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3
Q

the energy content of food

A

Calories(capital c)

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4
Q

fat cells

A

Adipose cells

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5
Q

excess of adipose cells/fat cells

A

Obesity

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6
Q

needed in relatively large amounts

A

Macronutrients

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7
Q

needed in relatively small amounts

A

Micronutrients

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8
Q

the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell, provide most of the energy for living things

A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

simplest of carbohydrates

A

Sugars

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10
Q

a mixture of polysaccharides manufactured by plant cells for glucose storage

A

Starch

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11
Q

not digested

A

Dietary fiber

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12
Q

turns into a gel during digestion, thereby slowing digestion and helping the stomach and intestines absorb nutrients

A

Soluble fiber

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13
Q

helps move undigested wastes along to keep the intestines clean and healthy

A

Insoluble fiber

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14
Q

the primary component of plant cell walls, is a form of insoluble fiber

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

A

Proteins

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16
Q

compounds that are insoluble in water

A

Lipids

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17
Q

building blocks of protein/what proteins are made of

A

Amino acids

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18
Q

Simplest type of lipid molecule

A

Fatty acid

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19
Q

energy carrier of the cell

A

ATP

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20
Q

2 vitamins

A

Water-soluble
Fat-soluble

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21
Q

help the enzymes do their jobs

A

Coenzymes

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22
Q

substances that neutralize harmful molecules

A

Antioxidants

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23
Q

harmful molecules

A

Free radicals

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24
Q

makes up most of body

A

water

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25
Q

Fluid inside cells

A

Intracellular fluid

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26
Q

Fluid outside cells

A

Extracellular fluid

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27
Q

a tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

A

Alimentary canal

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28
Q

the processing of food

A

Digestion

29
Q

the intake of nutrients

A

Absorption

30
Q

a muscular action

A

Peristalsis

31
Q

a soap-like substance formed by the liver

A

Bile

32
Q

special proteins

A

Enzymes

33
Q

digestion in mouth?

A

Oral cavity

34
Q

a slimy substance

A

Mucus

35
Q

Separates the mouth from the nasal passages; the roof of the mouth and works with the tongue, lips, and teeth to form words for speech

A

Palate

36
Q

pushes food between the teeth and helps mix the food with mucus and saliva

A

Tongue

37
Q

a small ball

A

Bolus

37
Q

The digestive glands of the mouth

A

Salivary glands

38
Q

sticky digestive juice

A

Saliva

39
Q

cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces

A

Teeth

40
Q

four teeth that cut food apart

A

Incisors

41
Q

the two tearing teeth that flank the incisors

A

Cuspids

42
Q

the four light-grinding teeth that are in pairs on each side of the jaw next to the cuspids

A

Bicuspids

43
Q

the six heavy-grinding teeth that are arranged three to a side at the back of the jaw

A

Molars

44
Q

appear at 17-25

A

Wisdom tooth

45
Q

when wisdom teeth don’t grow

A

Impacted

46
Q

appear during the first four or five years of life and are lost by the age of fourteen

A

Primary teeth

47
Q

The roots of the primary teeth are slowly reabsorbed as the _____, which form on the jaw beneath the primary teeth, prepare to erupt

A

Permanent teeth

48
Q

scientific name for chewing

A

Mastication

49
Q

the top of teeth; the part that you can see

A

Crown

50
Q

part of tooth that’s right where the gum line is

A

Neck

51
Q

anchors the tooth below the gum

A

Root

52
Q

inner part of the tooth

A

Pulp

53
Q

the bone-like layer that surrounds the pulp and forms the bulk of the tooth

A

Dentin

54
Q

hardest substance in body

A

enamel

55
Q

fastens the tooth to the jaw

A

Cementum

56
Q

often added to drinking water and tooth-paste to make the teeth more resistant to decay

A

Fluoride

57
Q

most common disease in man

A

Dental caries

58
Q

a sticky, colorless film of bacteria on teeth

A

Plaque

59
Q

causes tooth decay

A

Lactic acid

60
Q

a gum disease; caused by bad oral hygiene

A

periodontal disease

61
Q

a hard deposit on tooth; medical name?

A

Tartar; Calculus

62
Q

the gums become tender and inflamed and are likely t; o bleed easily when the teeth are brushed; periodontal disease

A

Gingivitis

63
Q

a disease in which the gums detach from the teeth and eventually the bones supporting the teeth are destroyed

A

Periodontitis

64
Q

funnel-shaped cavity at the back of the oral cavity

A

Pharynx

65
Q

muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

66
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

67
Q

closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

A

Epiglottis

10th grade biology (11 decks)

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