ch12(221-233?)/incomplete Flashcards
when a disease spreads rapidly and extensively among a population
Epidemic
an epidemic that affects a large portion of the earth
Pandemic
ways to avoid illness
Frequent hand washing
Temporarily avoiding unnecessary contact between contagious and healthy people
Avoiding or disinfecting contaminated objects
Avoiding or eliminating vectors
Vaccination
a substance that stimulates your body to develop an acquired immunity to a disease
Vaccine
if enough people in an area are vaccinated against a particular disease, outbreaks of the disease will quickly subside because the disease will not infect enough new victims to sustain itself
Herd Immunity
british doctor who established the use of antiseptics
Joseph Lister
chemicals that kill bacteria and help prevent infections
Antiseptics
a series of tubes and fluids in your body that work with white blood cell
Lymphatic system
elevated body temperature
Fever
blood cell that functions as part of the immune system, helping the body fight disease; also called leukocyte
White blood cells
engulf and destroy invading pathogens
Phagocytes
chemical messengers
Cytokines
a chemical that is released into the bloodstream and allows water to move into area
Histamine
swelling caused by histamine
Inflammation
infected cell that is sending messages to other infected cells
Interferon
produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
neutralize particular pathogens
Antibodies
tags on the outside of cells
Antigen
attacks one disease
Specific defense
attacks many diseases
nonspecific defense
helps keep the water balanced
Tissue fluid
drainage system
Lymphatic system
collect excess fluid with its cellular debris and microbes and carry it through a closed system of lymph vessels
Lymph capillaries
drain the tissue fluid
Lymph vessels
special enlargements of lymphatic tissues; serve as bases and staging areas for white blood cells
Lymph nodes
tissue fluid
Lymph
accumulations of lymph nodes in the throat that protect against pathogens entering through the throat
Tonsils and Adenoids
work to protect that digestive area from pathogens
Peyer’s patches
body’s largest lymph organ
Spleen
where immature T cells are matured and “trained” after being produced in the bone marrow
Thymus
