Test 5- Urinary System Flashcards
Excretes water, NaCl through sweat
Skin
Excretes CO2
lungs
exerts bile pigment
Liver
Elimination of feces, which are composed of undigested food and bacteria
Digestive via defacation
Anatomy of the urinary system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra
Primary excretory organs
Kidneys
Sits at the top of each kidney
adrenal gland
Covers the kidney
renal capsule
3 layers of kidney capsule
renal fascia
adipose capsule
fibrous capsule
Outermost layer, thin fibrous CT that connects the kidney to surrounding tissues
Renal fascia
Mass of fatty tissue that holds the kidney against the posterior muscles of the body wall and cushions the kidney
Adipose capsule
Inner layer, fibrous and transparent and protects kidney against physical trauma and infection
Fibrous capsule
Lies just deep to the fibrous capsule in the kidneys
Cortex
Deep to the cortex and is divided into 6-18 cone-shaped segments called renal pyramids
Medulla
Where a portion of the nephrons are located
Renal pyramids
Empties urine into a calyx
Medulla
Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine
Nephron
2 components of the nephron
glomerulus
tubular
Vessels that get blood to the nephron
Glomerulus
Medial, expanded portion of the kidney
Renal pelvis
Extension of the ureter and allows urine to move to ureter
Renal pelvis
Two slightly flattened tubes
Ureters
Location of the ureters
retroperitoneal
How often does urine move to the bladder
every 10-30s
Location of the urinary bladder
Posterior to pubic symphysis
Capacity of the urinary bladder
600 mL
When is a signal sent to the CNS indicating a need to urinate?
When the bladder contains about 250mL
Stimulate internal sphincter muscles to relax
Sacral portions of the spinal cord
Connect with the bladder through openings in the floor of the bladder
ureters
Delivers urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
External opening of the urethra
urethral orifice
Surrounds the urethra
internal urethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter
4 parts of the renal corpuscle
afferent arteriole
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
Bowman’s capsule
What happens in the Glomerulus
large molecules remains in the blood which small molecules leave blood
A sac around the glomerulus into which movie the small molecules filtrated out of the blood at the glomerulus
Glomerular capsule
Twisted tube in the cortex of the kidney that connects the glomerular capsule to the descending loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
A tube that descends from the proximal convoluted tubule into the medulla
Loop of Henle
Where NaCl is reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries, which allows for reabsorption of water into capillaries
Loop of Henle
Absorbs molecules actively secreted from the peritubular capillaries
Distal convoluted tubule
Large tubule in the medulla
Collecting duct
Site of reabsorption of water into peritubular capillaries
Collecting duct
Analyzes the composition of urine to aid in determining the health of body
Urinalysis
What is the normal pH of urine
4.6-8.0
Pigments that give urine its yellow color from RBC breakdown
Urochromes
Blood in urine
Hematuria
What goes glucose in urine indicate?
too high levels of glucose in blood
What does albumin in the blood indicate?
damaged glomerulus
Hard objects formed in the kidneys formed by calcium
Kidney stones
Inability to prevent discharge of urine
urinary incontinence
