Test 4- Endocrine System

Question 1

Chemical signals secreted into body fluids, usually blood, that have a regulatory effect on the body

Answer 1

Hormones

Question 2

Controls metabolic rate, growth, maturation and reproduction

Answer 2

Endocrine system

Question 3

Inferior to the thalamus in the walls and floor of the 3rd ventricle and links the NS to the endocrine system

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

Synthesizes hormones stores and released by the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 4

Hypothalamus

Question 5

Secretes hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

Controls many body processes through secretion of various hormones

Answer 6

Pituitary gland/hypophysis

Question 7

The two lobes of the pituitary gland

Answer 7

Posterior pituitary/neurophypophysis

Anterior pituitary/adenhypophysis

Question 8

Posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 8

Oxytocin

Antidiuretic

Question 9

Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth

Answer 9

Oxytocin

Question 10

Helps kidneys retain water

Answer 10

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 11

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 11

GH
FSH
LH
TSH
ACTH
PRL
Endorphins

Question 12

Promotes growth and development of all body parts in young children

Answer 12

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 13

Promotes gamete production and stimulates estrogen production

Answer 13

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 14

Stimulates sex hormone secretion

Answer 14

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 15

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 15

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 16

Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids

Answer 16

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 17

Stimulates milk production in mammals

Answer 17

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 18

Body’s natural painkillers

Answer 18

endorphins

Question 19

Hyper secretion of GH during childhood

Answer 19

Gigantism

Question 20

Hypo secretion of GH during childhood

Answer 20

dwarfism

Question 21

Hyper secretion of GH during adulthood

Answer 21

Acromegaly

Question 22

Secretes melatonin and links environmental light conditions with activities that show daily or seasonal rhythms

Answer 22

Pineal gland

Question 23

Secretes calcitonin and lowers the level of calcium level in the blood if its too high

Answer 23

Thyroid gland

Question 24

Enlarged thyroid gland

Answer 24

goiter

Question 25

What do low levels of calcitonin result in?

Answer 25

High levels of calcium in blood and demineralization of bone

Question 26

Maintains normal blood pressure. heart rate, muscle tone and digestive and reproductive functions

Answer 26

thyroxin

Question 27

Secretes thyroxin

Answer 27

thyroid gland

Question 28

Caused by a primary failure of thyroid gland and inadequate dietary supply of iodine

Answer 28

Hypothyroidism

Question 29

Symptoms are low BMR, weight gain and lethargy

Answer 29

Hypothyroidism

Question 30

Hypo secretion during first few months of life

Answer 30

Cretinism

Question 31

Autoimmune disease caused by the hyper secretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 31

Graves' disease

Question 32

Symptoms include agitation, nervousness, building eyes, and goiter

Answer 32

Grave's disease

Question 33

Embedded in the thyroid gland and secretes parathyroid hormones, which raises the blood calcium level if it is too low

Answer 33

Parathyroid

Question 34

Consequence of low levels of PTH

Answer 34

tetany

Question 35

Work together to maintain calcium homeostatis

Answer 35

Calcitonin and PTH

Question 36

Secretes thymosin,, which allows for the development of mature T cells

Answer 36

Thymus

Question 37

Gland that sits in the first curve of the small intestine and has both digestive and endocrine function

Answer 37

pancreas

Question 38

Secretes insulin and glucagon

Answer 38

pancreas

Question 39

released if blood sugar levels are too high

Answer 39

insulin

Question 40

released if blood sugar levels are too low

Answer 40

glucagon

Question 41

Occurs when people secrete too much insulin

Answer 41

hypoglycemia

Question 42

Disease characterized by lack of insulin secretion

Answer 42

Type 1 diabetes

Question 43

Disease characterized by normal or increased insulin secretion but reduced sensitivity of insulin target cells

Answer 43

Type II diabetes

Question 44

Located on the superior aspect of each kidney and composed of two functionally distinct endocrine organs

Answer 44

Adrenal glands

Question 45

Outer portion that secretes steroid hormones

Answer 45

Adrenal cortex

Question 46

Inner portion that secretes catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine)

Answer 46

Adrenal medulla

Question 47

3 layers of the adrenal cortex

Answer 47

mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids androgens

Question 48

Mainly secretes aldosterone and influences mineral balance (Na+ and K+)

Answer 48

Mineralocorticoids

Question 49

Primarily secrets cortisol/hyrocortisone and plays major role in glucose metabolism and protein/lipid metabolism

Answer 49

Glucocorticoids

Question 50

Disease caused by overstimulation of adrenal cortex (cortisol), adrenal tumors, and taking medicine with high glucocorticoid concentrations

Answer 50

Cushing's syndrome

Question 51

Modified part of sympathetic nervous system that is activated by sympathetic nervous system during times of stress

Answer 51

Adrenal medulla

Question 52

releases epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

Answer 52

Adrenal medulla

Question 53

Located inside the scrotum and secretes testosterone, which promotes and maintains male secondary sex characteristic and stimulates sperm production

Answer 53

Testes

Question 54

Secretes estrogen and promotes breast development and the menstrual cycle

Answer 54

Ovaries

Question 55

Secretes progesterone which maintains the lining of the uterus for pregnancy

Answer 55

Ovaries