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Human Anatomy > Test 4- Endocrine System > Flashcards

Test 4- Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical signals secreted into body fluids, usually blood, that have a regulatory effect on the body

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Controls metabolic rate, growth, maturation and reproduction

A

Endocrine system

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3
Q

Inferior to the thalamus in the walls and floor of the 3rd ventricle and links the NS to the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Synthesizes hormones stores and released by the posterior pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Secretes hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Controls many body processes through secretion of various hormones

A

Pituitary gland/hypophysis

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7
Q

The two lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Posterior pituitary/neurophypophysis

Anterior pituitary/adenhypophysis

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8
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Oxytocin

Antidiuretic

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9
Q

Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth

A

Oxytocin

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10
Q

Helps kidneys retain water

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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11
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A 
GH
FSH
LH
TSH
ACTH
PRL
Endorphins
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12
Q

Promotes growth and development of all body parts in young children

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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13
Q

Promotes gamete production and stimulates estrogen production

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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14
Q

Stimulates sex hormone secretion

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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15
Q

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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16
Q

Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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17
Q

Stimulates milk production in mammals

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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18
Q

Body’s natural painkillers

A

endorphins

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19
Q

Hyper secretion of GH during childhood

A

Gigantism

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20
Q

Hypo secretion of GH during childhood

A

dwarfism

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21
Q

Hyper secretion of GH during adulthood

A

Acromegaly

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22
Q

Secretes melatonin and links environmental light conditions with activities that show daily or seasonal rhythms

A

Pineal gland

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23
Q

Secretes calcitonin and lowers the level of calcium level in the blood if its too high

A

Thyroid gland

24
Q

Enlarged thyroid gland

A

goiter

25
Q

What do low levels of calcitonin result in?

A

High levels of calcium in blood and demineralization of bone

26
Q

Maintains normal blood pressure. heart rate, muscle tone and digestive and reproductive functions

A

thyroxin

27
Q

Secretes thyroxin

A

thyroid gland

28
Q

Caused by a primary failure of thyroid gland and inadequate dietary supply of iodine

A

Hypothyroidism

29
Q

Symptoms are low BMR, weight gain and lethargy

A

Hypothyroidism

30
Q

Hypo secretion during first few months of life

A

Cretinism

31
Q

Autoimmune disease caused by the hyper secretion of thyroid hormones

A

Graves’ disease

32
Q

Symptoms include agitation, nervousness, building eyes, and goiter

A

Grave’s disease

33
Q

Embedded in the thyroid gland and secretes parathyroid hormones, which raises the blood calcium level if it is too low

A

Parathyroid

34
Q

Consequence of low levels of PTH

A

tetany

35
Q

Work together to maintain calcium homeostatis

A

Calcitonin and PTH

36
Q

Secretes thymosin,, which allows for the development of mature T cells

A

Thymus

37
Q

Gland that sits in the first curve of the small intestine and has both digestive and endocrine function

A

pancreas

38
Q

Secretes insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

39
Q

released if blood sugar levels are too high

A

insulin

40
Q

released if blood sugar levels are too low

A

glucagon

41
Q

Occurs when people secrete too much insulin

A

hypoglycemia

42
Q

Disease characterized by lack of insulin secretion

A

Type 1 diabetes

43
Q

Disease characterized by normal or increased insulin secretion but reduced sensitivity of insulin target cells

A

Type II diabetes

44
Q

Located on the superior aspect of each kidney and composed of two functionally distinct endocrine organs

A

Adrenal glands

45
Q

Outer portion that secretes steroid hormones

A

Adrenal cortex

46
Q

Inner portion that secretes catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine)

A

Adrenal medulla

47
Q

3 layers of the adrenal cortex

A

mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
androgens

48
Q

Mainly secretes aldosterone and influences mineral balance (Na+ and K+)

A

Mineralocorticoids

49
Q

Primarily secrets cortisol/hyrocortisone and plays major role in glucose metabolism and protein/lipid metabolism

A

Glucocorticoids

50
Q

Disease caused by overstimulation of adrenal cortex (cortisol), adrenal tumors, and taking medicine with high glucocorticoid concentrations

A

Cushing’s syndrome

51
Q

Modified part of sympathetic nervous system that is activated by sympathetic nervous system during times of stress

A

Adrenal medulla

52
Q

releases epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

A

Adrenal medulla

53
Q

Located inside the scrotum and secretes testosterone, which promotes and maintains male secondary sex characteristic and stimulates sperm production

A

Testes

54
Q

Secretes estrogen and promotes breast development and the menstrual cycle

A

Ovaries

55
Q

Secretes progesterone which maintains the lining of the uterus for pregnancy

A

Ovaries

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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