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Human Anatomy > Test 5- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Test 5- Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

External openings of the nose

A

nostrils

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3
Q

Cavity inside the nose

A

vestibule

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4
Q

Narrow openings separated by the median nasal septum

A

Nasal cavity

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5
Q

Divides into L and R, composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the vomer and cartilage

A

Median nasal Septum

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6
Q

Septum is pushed to one side and interferes with respiration and drainage

A

Deviated septum

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7
Q

Covered with ciliated mucous membranes that filter, warm and humidify air

A

Conchae

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8
Q

Receive chemicals interpreted as smells

A

Olfactory receptor cells

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9
Q

Air-filled spaces in the skull

A

paranasal sinuses

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10
Q

inflamed sinus membrane

A

sinusitis

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11
Q

Bony region forming the anterior roof of the mouth

A

Hard palate

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12
Q

Separates nasal cavity from oral cavity

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

Cartilaginous muscular region forming the posterior roof of the mouth

A

Soft palate

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14
Q

Separates nasopharynx from oral cavity

A

Soft palate

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15
Q

Projection from soft palate that prevents food from entering the nose

A

Uvula

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16
Q

Connects nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus

A

Pharynx

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17
Q

Common tube for the respiratory and digestive systems

A

pharynx

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18
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Region where nasal cavities open into pharynx

A

Nasopharynx

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20
Q

Includes: eustachian tubes, pharyngeal tonsils

A

Nasopharynx

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21
Q

Where the oral cavity opens into the pharynx, between the soft palate and the hyoid bone just behind the tongue

A

Oropharynx

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22
Q

Includes: palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

A

Oropharynx

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23
Q

Part of the lymph system and protect against bacteria

A

Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

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24
Q

Opens into the larynx and is between the hyoid bone and esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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25
Q

Passageway for air from the nose or mouth to the larynx and for food from the mouth to the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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26
Q

Formed from the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

A

Larynx

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27
Q

Opening into the larynx

A

Glottis

28
Q

Cartilaginous flap that covers the glottis when swallowing food

A

Epiglottis

29
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A 
Trachea
Primary bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
30
Q

Made of C-shaped cartilaginous rings that prevent it from collapsing

A

Trachea/windpipe

31
Q

Extends from larynx to bronchi

A

Trachea

32
Q

Many smaller tubes branching off from tertiary bronchi- final branches are the terminal bronchioles

A

Bronchioles

33
Q

If all the bronchioles contract at the same time……

A

asthma attack

34
Q

Clusters of sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles

A

Alveoli

35
Q

Site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

36
Q

A disease characterized by the alveoli booming brittle and eventually rupturing

A

Emphysema

37
Q

Lined with mucous, which is high in water content and water molecules are cohesive and attract each other

A

Alveoli

38
Q

In premature babies, the surfactant-producing cells are underdeveloped and the alveoli collapse

A

IRDS (leading cause of death of premature babies)

39
Q

Divided into two lobes: superior and inferior separated by the oblique fissure

A

Left Lung

40
Q

Divided into three lobes: superior and middle are separated by the horizontal issue and middle and inferior are separated by the oblique fissure

A

Right Lung

41
Q

Forms the cavity, which is lined with the parietal pleura membrane

A

Thoracic wall

42
Q

Encloses the lung

A

Visceral pleura

43
Q

Forms the thoracic cavity floor

A

diaphragm

44
Q

Movement go air into and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

45
Q

Normal breathing

A

Eupnea

46
Q

Deep breathing, diaphragm movements

A

diaphragmatic breathing

47
Q

Rib movements early, shallow breathing

A

Costal breathing

48
Q

Forced breathing

A

Hyperpnea

49
Q

Inspiration

A
  • diaphragm contacts, which pulls it downward, while the external intercostals pull the ribs up, increasing volume of thoracic cavity
  • causes lung volume to increase and lowers air pressure in the lungs
50
Q

Passive expiration

A

Diaphragm and the external intercostals relax, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and the lungs and increasing the air pressure in the lungs, causing the air to be pushed out

51
Q

Active expiration

A

Contraction of abdominal muscles and the internal intercostals forcing the diaphragm up and the ribs inward, causing more pressure in the lungs and thoracic cavity

52
Q

Located in the medulla oblongata

A

Respiratory center

53
Q

Used to measure respiratory function

A

Lung capacities

54
Q

The amount of air moved in and out with each breath (about 500ml)

A

Tidal Volume

55
Q

Total volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs with a single maximum breath (4500-5000ml)

A

Vital capacity

56
Q

The amount of air that can be inspired after the normal tidal volume inspired (3100ml)

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

57
Q

Amount of air that can be expired after the normal tidal volume of air is expired (1400ml)

A

Expiratory reserve volume

58
Q

Amount of air left in the lungs after a maximum expiration (1000ml)

A

Residual volume

59
Q

Vital capacity+residual volume

A

Total lung capacity

60
Q

Caused by a virus that enters the cells of the upper respiratory tract and spread by mucous droplets containing virus

A

Common cold

61
Q

Virus enters respiratory cells, kills them and causes inflammation and irritation in the trachea and bronchi

A

Influenza

62
Q

Compromised airflow during attacks due to inflammation, mucous secretion and bronchoconstriction

A

Asthma

63
Q

Fluid build up in the alveoli

A

Pneumonia

64
Q

Caused by bacterium which forms a tubercle causing tissue damage

A

Tuberculosis

65
Q

Causes cells in the lungs to form fibrous CT, making the lungs less elastic and therefore less efficient

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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