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Human Anatomy > Test 3- Nervous Tissue/Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

Test 3- Nervous Tissue/Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two control systems of the body?

A

Endocrine

Nervous System

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2
Q

Glands communicate with, integrate and control organs by secreting hormones into the blood

A

Endocrine system

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3
Q

Involves a slow response to stimuli, but lasts a long time

A

Endocrine System

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4
Q

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves communicate, integrate, and control body functions with nerve impulses/action potentials

A

Nervous System

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5
Q

Involves a fast response to stimuli but lasts a short time

A

Nervous System

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6
Q

Two major divisions of the NS

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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7
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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8
Q

Control and integration

A

CNS

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9
Q

Nerve tissue outside the CNS

A

PNS

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10
Q

Used for communication and connects CNS to receptors, glands, ect.

A

PNS

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11
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Nervous System

A

Allows sensory input (PNS)
Performs integration (CNS)
Stimulates motor output

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12
Q

Organs, glands, or muscles that respond to a stimulus

A

Effectors

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13
Q

Effectors of the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic effectors

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14
Q

Effectors of the glands, smooth muscle in organs and cardiac muscles

A

Visceral effectors

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15
Q

Two types of cells in the NS

A

Neurons

Neuroglia cells

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16
Q

Carries nerve impulses

A

neurons

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17
Q

Cells that do not divide and live and function for a lifetime

A

Neurons

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18
Q

Cells that support, protect and nourish neurons

A

Neuroglial cells

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19
Q

Make up a majority of nerve cell tissue

A

Neuroglial cells

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20
Q

Types of neuroglial cells

A 
Schwann cells
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
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21
Q

Form a regeneration tube that eventually becomes functional

A

Schwann cells

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22
Q

PNS myelin

A

Schwann cells

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23
Q

CNS myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

Forms the blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

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25
Q

Why is there a blood-brain barrier?

A

Prevents potentially toxic substances from entering the CNS

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26
Q

Phagocytosis to prevent infection

A

Microglia

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27
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid circulation

A

Ependymal cells

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28
Q

What are neurons made of?

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

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29
Q

Contains nucleus and other organelles

A

Cell body

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30
Q

Branched extensions of the cell body

31
Q

Carry impulses toward the cell body

32
Q

Long extensions of cell body, ending in synaptic/axon terminal with synaptic knobs

33
Q

Carries impulses away from the cell body

34
Q

Axons of thick, rapidly conducting neurons are covered with a white fatty myelin sheath for protection/prevention of signal loss

A

Myelinated neurons

35
Q

Increases the speed of impulse conduction and makes the process more energy efficient

A

myelinated neurons

36
Q

In the PNS, myelin sheath is made of ____ cells called ____ cells wrapping around the axon

A

neuroglial, Schwann

37
Q

In the CNS, the sheath is made of _____ cells called ______ wrapping around the axon

A

neuroglial, oligodendrocytes

38
Q

Gaps in between either schwann cells or oligodendrocytes

A

Nodes of Ranvier

39
Q

Where neuron cell bodies are clustered

A

Gray matter

40
Q

The outermost layer of gray matter in the brain

A

Cerebral/Cerebellar Cortex

41
Q

Consists mainly of axons and neuroglia

A

White matter

42
Q

Usually superficial to gray matter in the CBS other than the cerebral cortex

A

White matter

43
Q

What causes the white color in white matter?

A

Myelin sheaths surrounding many of the axons

44
Q

3 types of neurons by structure

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

45
Q

Have more than 2 processes extending from cell body (most neurons)

A

Multipolar

46
Q

Have 2 processes that extend from opposite sides of the cell bod

47
Q

Short single process

48
Q

3 types of neuron by function

A

sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons
interneurons

49
Q

Carry impulses from receptors in the PNS to the CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

50
Q

Carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

51
Q

Carry impulses within the CNS and relay impulses from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons

A

Interneurons

52
Q

Communication junction between a neuron and either another neuron (postsynaptic neuron) or a muscle

53
Q

Space between the axon and dendrite

A

Synaptic cleft

54
Q

At the ends of synaptic terminals and contain neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic knobs

55
Q

Stimulates muscle fibers

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

56
Q

Activates “fight or flight”

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

57
Q

Regulates mood and behavior

58
Q

Involved in motor control and emotions

59
Q

One cell is acted on by many cells

A

Convergence of input

60
Q

One cell influences many cells

A

Divergency of output

61
Q

What does a postsynaptic neuron fire depend on?

A
  1. number of active synapses

2. whether the synapses are excitatory or inhibitory

62
Q

Effects of many neurotransmitters are added together

63
Q

One single presynaptic increases frequency of activity to affect post-synaptic membrane

A

Temporal summation

64
Q

More than one presynaptic active simultaneously

A

Spatial summation

65
Q

CT covering of each axon/Schwann cells surrounding axon

A

Endoneurium

66
Q

Bundles of axons

67
Q

CT surrounding each fascicle

A

Perineurium

68
Q

CT surrounding the entire nerve

A

Epineurium

69
Q

Nerves containing bundles of sensory neuron fibers only

A

sensory nerves

70
Q

Nerves containing bundles of motor neuron fibers only

A

Motor nerves

71
Q

Nerves containing bundles of both sensory and motor neuron fibers

A

Mixed nerves

72
Q

A nerve in the CNS

73
Q

Reflex arc

A 
Sensory receptor
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector
74
Q

Autoimmune disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the brain and spinal cord

A

Multiple sclerosis

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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