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Human Anatomy > Test 3- Nervous Tissue/Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

Test 3- Nervous Tissue/Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two control systems of the body?

A

Endocrine

Nervous System

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2
Q

Glands communicate with, integrate and control organs by secreting hormones into the blood

A

Endocrine system

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3
Q

Involves a slow response to stimuli, but lasts a long time

A

Endocrine System

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4
Q

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves communicate, integrate, and control body functions with nerve impulses/action potentials

A

Nervous System

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5
Q

Involves a fast response to stimuli but lasts a short time

A

Nervous System

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6
Q

Two major divisions of the NS

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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7
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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8
Q

Control and integration

A

CNS

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9
Q

Nerve tissue outside the CNS

A

PNS

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10
Q

Used for communication and connects CNS to receptors, glands, ect.

A

PNS

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11
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Nervous System

A

Allows sensory input (PNS)
Performs integration (CNS)
Stimulates motor output

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12
Q

Organs, glands, or muscles that respond to a stimulus

A

Effectors

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13
Q

Effectors of the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic effectors

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14
Q

Effectors of the glands, smooth muscle in organs and cardiac muscles

A

Visceral effectors

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15
Q

Two types of cells in the NS

A

Neurons

Neuroglia cells

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16
Q

Carries nerve impulses

A

neurons

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17
Q

Cells that do not divide and live and function for a lifetime

A

Neurons

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18
Q

Cells that support, protect and nourish neurons

A

Neuroglial cells

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19
Q

Make up a majority of nerve cell tissue

A

Neuroglial cells

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20
Q

Types of neuroglial cells

A 
Schwann cells
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
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21
Q

Form a regeneration tube that eventually becomes functional

A

Schwann cells

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22
Q

PNS myelin

A

Schwann cells

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23
Q

CNS myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

Forms the blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

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25
Why is there a blood-brain barrier?
Prevents potentially toxic substances from entering the CNS
26
Phagocytosis to prevent infection
Microglia
27
Cerebrospinal fluid circulation
Ependymal cells
28
What are neurons made of?
Cell body Dendrites Axon
29
Contains nucleus and other organelles
Cell body
30
Branched extensions of the cell body
Dendrites
31
Carry impulses toward the cell body
Dendrites
32
Long extensions of cell body, ending in synaptic/axon terminal with synaptic knobs
Axon
33
Carries impulses away from the cell body
Axon
34
Axons of thick, rapidly conducting neurons are covered with a white fatty myelin sheath for protection/prevention of signal loss
Myelinated neurons
35
Increases the speed of impulse conduction and makes the process more energy efficient
myelinated neurons
36
In the PNS, myelin sheath is made of ____ cells called ____ cells wrapping around the axon
neuroglial, Schwann
37
In the CNS, the sheath is made of _____ cells called ______ wrapping around the axon
neuroglial, oligodendrocytes
38
Gaps in between either schwann cells or oligodendrocytes
Nodes of Ranvier
39
Where neuron cell bodies are clustered
Gray matter
40
The outermost layer of gray matter in the brain
Cerebral/Cerebellar Cortex
41
Consists mainly of axons and neuroglia
White matter
42
Usually superficial to gray matter in the CBS other than the cerebral cortex
White matter
43
What causes the white color in white matter?
Myelin sheaths surrounding many of the axons
44
3 types of neurons by structure
Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar
45
Have more than 2 processes extending from cell body (most neurons)
Multipolar
46
Have 2 processes that extend from opposite sides of the cell bod
Bipolar
47
Short single process
Unipolar
48
3 types of neuron by function
sensory (afferent) neurons motor (efferent) neurons interneurons
49
Carry impulses from receptors in the PNS to the CNS
Sensory (afferent) neurons
50
Carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands
Motor (efferent) neurons
51
Carry impulses within the CNS and relay impulses from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons
Interneurons
52
Communication junction between a neuron and either another neuron (postsynaptic neuron) or a muscle
Synapse
53
Space between the axon and dendrite
Synaptic cleft
54
At the ends of synaptic terminals and contain neurotransmitters
Synaptic knobs
55
Stimulates muscle fibers
Acetylcholine (ACh)
56
Activates "fight or flight"
Norepinephrine (NE)
57
Regulates mood and behavior
Serotonin
58
Involved in motor control and emotions
Dopamine
59
One cell is acted on by many cells
Convergence of input
60
One cell influences many cells
Divergency of output
61
What does a postsynaptic neuron fire depend on?
1. number of active synapses | 2. whether the synapses are excitatory or inhibitory
62
Effects of many neurotransmitters are added together
summation
63
One single presynaptic increases frequency of activity to affect post-synaptic membrane
Temporal summation
64
More than one presynaptic active simultaneously
Spatial summation
65
CT covering of each axon/Schwann cells surrounding axon
Endoneurium
66
Bundles of axons
Fascicles
67
CT surrounding each fascicle
Perineurium
68
CT surrounding the entire nerve
Epineurium
69
Nerves containing bundles of sensory neuron fibers only
sensory nerves
70
Nerves containing bundles of motor neuron fibers only
Motor nerves
71
Nerves containing bundles of both sensory and motor neuron fibers
Mixed nerves
72
A nerve in the CNS
Tract
73
Reflex arc
``` Sensory receptor Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron Effector ```
74
Autoimmune disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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