Test 4- Blood

Question 1

Volume of blood in humans

Answer 1

Females: 4-5 L
Males: 5-6 L

Question 2

What does blood consist of

Answer 2

RBC, WBC, Platelets

Question 3

What does plasma consist of?

Answer 3

Water 90%

Proteins 7-9%

Question 4

dissolves minerals and acts as fluid for transport in blood

Answer 4

water

Question 5

maintains osmotic pressure of blood, lipid transport, immunity, clotting and enzymes

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

Maintains osmotic pressure of blood

Answer 6

albumins

Question 7

Other solutes found in plasma

Answer 7

Food
Metabolic wastes
Respiratory gases
Regulatory substances
Inorganic salts

Question 8

Formed elements in blood

Answer 8

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
platelets

Question 9

Formation of blood cells, which occurs in bone marrow in skull, ribs, vertebrae, and at the ends of long bones

Answer 9

Hematopoesis

Question 10

Biconcave discs with no nucleus (saves space)

Answer 10

structure of Erythrocytes/RBC

Question 11

Life span on 120 days

Answer 11

RBC (erythrocytes)

Question 12

Found only in blood vessels dn sized 7.5 micrometers in diameter

Answer 12

Erythrocytes/RBC

Question 13

Normal number of RBC in blood?

Answer 13

Females: 4.2-5.4 million/m3
Male: 4.6-6.2 million/mm3

Question 14

Oxygen carrying pigment found in blood

Answer 14

hemoglobin

Question 15

Function of RBC

Answer 15

to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 16

% of RBC in whole blood volume

Answer 16

Hematocrit or Packed Cell Volume

Question 17

What are the layers in a centrifuge of blood?

Answer 17

Top- plasma 55% BV

Middle- WBC’s and platelets

Question 18

Refers to a below normal O2 carrying capacity of the blood

Answer 18

Anemia

Question 19

Causes of anemia

Answer 19

dietary deficiencies
pernicious anemia
blood loss
bone marrow failure
hemolytic anemia

Question 20

Body doesn’t make enough blood cells due to lack of B12

Answer 20

pernicious anemia

Question 21

RBC’s are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can produce them

Answer 21

hemolytic anemia

Question 22

Increased number of RBC’s

Answer 22

Polycythemia

Question 23

A hereditary disease which causes abnormally shaped RBC’s which rupture easily

Answer 23

Sickle cell disease

Question 24

Larger than RBC’s and have a nucleus

Answer 24

Leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 25

Found in blood vessels, lymph and tissue fluid

Answer 25

WBC's

Question 26

5,000-11,000/mm3 of blood

Answer 26

WBC's

Question 27

WBC's that have granules in the cytoplasm

Answer 27

Granulocytes

Question 28

WBC's that have no granules in cytoplasm

Answer 28

Agranulocytes

Question 29

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

Answer 29

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Question 30

Granules are small and numerated and give cytoplasm a coarse look

Answer 30

Neutrophils

Question 31

First granulocytes to appear at an infection and phagocytize bacteria (65% of WBCs)

Answer 31

Neutrophils

Question 32

Protect against infections by parasitic worms and increases in number during allergic reaction (2-5% of WBCs)

Answer 32

Eosinophils

Question 33

Granules are large and sparse and release histamines in damaged tissue, causing vascular dilation and smooth muscle contraction in the walls of air passages

Answer 33

Basophils (.5-1%)

Question 34

What are the two types of agranulocytes

Answer 34

Lymphocytes 25% | Monocytes 3-8%

Question 35

What are 2 types of lymphocytes

Answer 35

T lymphocytes | B lymphocytes

Question 36

Directly kill infected cells or cancer cells

Answer 36

T lymphocytes

Question 37

Produce antibodies against specific antigens and deactify toxins

Answer 37

B lymphocytes

Question 38

Very mobile and very phagocytotic

Answer 38

Monocytes

Question 39

Cancers that causes overproduction of abnormal WBC's

Answer 39

leukemia

Question 40

Prevents leukemic cells from moving into the CNS

Answer 40

craniospinal irradition

Question 41

Cells involved in clot formation

Answer 41

platelets

Question 42

Occurs in individuals that lack clotting ability

Answer 42

hemophilia

Question 43

Functions of blood

Answer 43

- maintain homeostasis - regulate temp - buffers to maintain pH - transports - Fights infection

Question 44

Prevents blood loss from a broken blood vessel

Answer 44

hemostasis

Question 45

What are the 3 major steps in hemostasis

Answer 45

1. Vascular spasm 2. Formation of platelet plug 3. Blood coagulation

Question 46

Mother's immune system may attack infant's RBC's (erythroblastosis fetalis)

Answer 46

Rh factor

Question 47

What is the treatment for Rh factor?

Answer 47

RhoGAM is given to mother to prevent her immune system from producing Rh antibodies