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Human Anatomy > Test 4- Special Senses > Flashcards

Test 4- Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of nerve fibers that carry information between the CNS and other parts of the body

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Detects, encodes and transmits peripheral signals to the CNS which is essential in maintaining homeostasis

A

Afferent Division of PNS

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3
Q

The process of converting forms of energy into electrical signals/nerve impulses

A

Transduction

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4
Q

Indicates presence of danger and often elicits withdrawal to safety

A

Nociceptors

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5
Q

Detect heat or cold and monitor blood temperature deep in the body

A

Thermoreceptors

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6
Q

Respond to touch, pressure, stretching of muscles, motion and sound

A

Mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

Includes sensory receptors in the nose and mouth and internal receptors that monitor blood levels of chemicals

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Sensitive to energy, including electricity, magnetism and light

A

Photoreceptors

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9
Q

Things in our environment that are registered by the five major sensory organs

A

Sensations

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10
Q

How we interpret and make sense of our sensations

A

Perceptions

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11
Q

Four Steps to Perception

A

Stimulus
Transduction
Conduction
Perception

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12
Q

Responsible for vision in dim light, detect motion

A

Rods

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13
Q

Responsible for vision in bright light, detect detail and color

A

Cones

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14
Q

General pathway of light

A

Light passes through cornea into anterior chamber

Light passes through pupil

Light passes through lens

Light passes through posterior cavity

Hits retina

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15
Q

At 20 ft the eye can read letters normally

A

20/20 vision

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16
Q

Vision is better than normal- at 20 ft the eye can read letters usually only able to be seen at 15 ft

A

20/

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17
Q

Inability to focus on far objects because the eyeballs are too elongated

A

Nearsightedness (myopia)

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18
Q

Can be fixed with corrective lenses that are thinner in the middle

A

myopia (nearsightedness)

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19
Q

Inability to focus on near objects because the eyeballs are too short

A

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

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20
Q

Can be fixed with lenses that are thicker in the middle

A

Hyperopia

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21
Q

Blurred vision caused by lenses or corneas that are misshapen

A

Astigmatism

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22
Q

Increased hyperopia with age

A

Presbyopia

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23
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

pink eye

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24
Q

Clouding of the lenses

A

cataracts

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25
Increased intra-eye pressure that occurs when the rate of aqueous humor production outpaces the rate of its removal
Glaucoma
26
Damage to the retina caused by complications from diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
27
Misalignment of the eyes caused by weakness or paralysis of extrinsic eye muscles
strabismus
28
Interpreted by the insula
taste
29
Detects airborne molecules distinguishing thousands of odors
chemoreceptors
30
Processed in by the temporal lobe
Smell
31
External, fennel-shaped portion of the ear that catches sound waves
Auricle/pinna
32
Channels sound saves toward the middle ear
External auditory meatus
33
Amplifies sound waves
Tympanic membrane
34
Accessories that amplify sound waves
Auditory occiscles
35
Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx, equalizes air pressure
Auditory/ eustachian tube
36
Portion of the inner ear responsible for hearing
Cochlea
37
Portion of the bony labyrinth called the scala vestibule
Upper chamber of the Cochlea
38
Fills the upper and lower chambers of the cochlea
Perilymph
39
Middle chamber of the cochlea that is a part of the membranous labyrinth
Cochlear duct/scala media
40
separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibule
Reissner's membrane
41
Separates the cochlear duct/scala media from the scala tympani
Basilar membrane
42
Sound wave pathway within the cochlea
Sound enters perilymph at the oval window Travels along the scala vestibule Passes through the vestibular membrane Enters the endolymph of the cochlear duct Moves the basilar membrane Enters perilymph of the scala tympani To the round window
43
Located on the basilar membrane
organ of corti
44
Contains hearing receptors
Corti
45
Sensory impulses from ear
movement of specific hair cells opens cation channels depolarization occurs neurotransmitters are released sensory impulses are triggered on fibers of cochlear branch of vestibulochlear nerve auditory cortex interprets sensory impulses
46
Sound waves of various frequencies stimulate different parts of basilar membrane
Pitch discrimination
47
Depends on amplitude of vibration
Loudness (intensity)
48
Lies in the temporal bone and helps maintain static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium
Vestibular apparatus
49
Senses position of the head, maintaining posture and position when the head and body are still
Static equilibrium
50
Maintained by otolithic organs
Static equilibrium
51
Senses sudden movement or rotation of the body or head, aids in maintaining balance
Dynamic equilibrium
52
Maintained by semicircular canals
Dynamic equilibrium
53
Modified epithelial cells that are the receptors for equilibrium
Hair cells
54
contains endolymph fluid, which helps detect movement
semicircular canals
55
Swelling at the end of the cancls
ampulla
56
Contains elevated area which contains hair cells, which gets pushed by the cupula
Ampullaris
57
Otolithic organs
Utricle and saccule
58
As the head moves, the movement of the ________ moves, pushing the hairs in various directions
otolithic membrane
59
More sensitiv eto horizontaal movement
Utricle
60
More sensitive to vertical movement
Saccule
61
Ringing in one or both ears
Tinnitis
62
Lack of efficient sound conduction through the eardrum or ossicles
Conductive hearing loss
63
Most commonly caused by fluid in the flat eustachian tube
Conductive hearing loss
64
Inflammation and/or infection of the ear
Otitis
65
Caused by bacteria or fungi that enter and inhabit the ear canal, usually due to moisture
Externa
66
Infection of the middle ear
Media
67
Infection in inner ear
Interna
68
Sense of dizziness or imbalance
Vertigo
69
Inner ear disorder due to buildup of fluid and changing pressure
Meziere's disease
70
Viral infection causing inflammation of the inner ear
Vestibular labyrnthitis

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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