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Human Anatomy > Test 5- Digestive System > Flashcards

Test 5- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Basic pathway of the digestive system

A 
mouth
oral cavity
tongue
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
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2
Q

Secretes digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal

A

salivary glands
pancreas
liver

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3
Q

4 stages of food processing

A

ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

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4
Q

Space between teeth and cheeks

A

Buccal cavity

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5
Q

Space between lips and teeth

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

Forms the roof of mouth

A

Hard and soft palates

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7
Q

Posterior portion of soft palate

A

Uvula

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8
Q

Inferior portion of tongue attaching to base of the oral cavity

A

Frenulum

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9
Q

Tongues point of attachment

A

Root

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10
Q

Anterior portion of tongue

A

Body

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11
Q

Produce saliva to clean mouth and teeth and moisten bolus

A

Salivary glands

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12
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

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13
Q

On lateral side of face, anterior to ear, enters oral cavity at 2nd upper molars

A

Parotid salivary gland

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14
Q

8-20 ducts empty saliva into the floor of mouth

A

Sublingual salivary gland

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15
Q

On medial surface or mandible, empty on either side of the lingual frenulum

A

Submandibular salivary gland

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16
Q

Portion of tooth below the gum line

A

Root

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17
Q

Exposed surface of teeth

A

Crown

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18
Q

Hard outer surface of tooth made of calcium

A

Enamel

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19
Q

Inner matrix of tooth

A

Dentin

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20
Q

Hollow inside of tooth, containing vessels and nerves

A

Pulp cavity

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21
Q

Canal running the length of the root

A

Root canal

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22
Q

Where gum and tooth meet

A

Gingival sulcus

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23
Q

Front cutting teeth

A

Incisors

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24
Q

Conical, tearing teeth

A

Cuspids (canines)

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25
Q

Crushing, grinding teeth (2 roots)

A

Bicuspids

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26
Q

3 or more roots- also crush and grind

A

Molars

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27
Q

Lip/cheek side of the oral cavity

A

Labial/buccal side

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28
Q

Tongue side of the oral cavity

A

Lingual/palatal side

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29
Q

Faces away from last molar

A

Mesial side

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30
Q

Faces toward the last molar

A

Distal side

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31
Q

Surface that touches other teeth when the teeth are closed against each other

A

Occlusal surface

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32
Q

Connects oral cavity to esophagus and is involved in swallowing

A

Pharynx

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33
Q

Reflex when food ends the pharynx

A

larynx rises
glottis closes
epiglottis flips down over glottis

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34
Q

4 layers of the digestive tube

A

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

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35
Q

Outside layer of CT and peritoneum

A

Serosa

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36
Q

Muscular layer of the digestive tube

A

Muscularis

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37
Q

CT with glands, nerves and blood vessels in the digestive tube

38
Q

Innermost layer of the digestive tube, faces lumen

39
Q

Made of epithelium, CT and muscle

40
Q

First segment of the digestive tract and is about 10 inches long

41
Q

2 sphincters of the esophagus

A

pharyngoesophageal

lower esophageal

42
Q

Where the esophagus joins stomach

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

43
Q

Rhythmic contraction of digestive tubes

A

Peristalsis

44
Q

Begins the esophagus, continues through the entire tract, pushing the bolus along

A

Peristalsis

45
Q

Irritation in stomach or small intestine can reverse a peristalsis

A

Antiperistalsis

46
Q

Acid from stomach moves into the esophagus, irritating the mucosa

47
Q

Causes of heartburn

A
  • weakened lower esophageal sphincter due to fats, alcohol
  • hiatal hernia
  • increased pressure due to obesity
48
Q

Weak spot in diaphragm allows stomach to move upward

A

Hiatal hernia

49
Q

3 segments of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

50
Q

Receives bile to emulsify fat

51
Q

An emulsifying agent that is made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

52
Q

Breaks fat into small particles so it can mix with enzymes and water

A

Emulsifying agent

53
Q

Second segment of the small intestinf

54
Q

Further digests and absorbs food molecules

55
Q

3rd segment of the small intestine

56
Q

Further digests and absorbs food molecules and ends at the ileocecal valve (between the ileum and cecum)

57
Q

End of the small intestine

58
Q

Beginning of large intestine

59
Q

Absorbs water and electrolytes and prepares and stores undigested material (feces)

A

large intestine

60
Q

Bag like section, has wormlike appendage called the vermiform appendix

61
Q

4 segments of the large intestine

A
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
62
Q

6-7 inches long and has 3 folds to support fecal material

63
Q

goes through body wall to exterior and ends in the anus

A

Anal canal

64
Q

Dilated veins in anal canal that result from irritation of mucosa or pressure from pregnancy or hard stool

A

Hemorrhoids

65
Q

Infected and swollen appendix

A

Appendicitis

66
Q

Too much water is left in the intestine to rid the body of bacteria

67
Q

Too much water is absorbed in the intestine, leaving dry, hard stools

A

Constipation

68
Q

The development of diverticula (sac like appendages in the walls of the large intestine)

A

Diverticulosis

69
Q

Inflamed diverticula

A

Diverticulitis

70
Q

Caused by a low fiber diet

A

Diverticulitis

71
Q

Growths from epithelial tissue of mucosa of large intestine and can become cancerous

72
Q

Lower part of rectum and anal canal removed, so an artificial opening in the abdominal wall can be surgically formed and fecal material is collected in a bag

73
Q

Accessory organs in digestion

A 
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Bile Duct
Pancreas
74
Q

Has endocrine and exocrine functions

75
Q

Secretes substances directly into the blood

A

endocrine glands

76
Q

Secretes substances through ducts

A

Exocrine glands

77
Q

Endocrine functions

A

secretes glucagon to increase blood glucose

Secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose

78
Q

Exocrine functions

A

Secretes pancreatic juice

  • lipase: digests fats
  • amylase: digests carbs
  • trypsin: digests proteins
79
Q

Results from a blocked duct

A

acute pancreatitis

80
Q

Largest gland of the body located mainly in the URQ of the abdomen

81
Q

Liver functions

A
  • stores glucose as glycogen
  • breaks down amino acids from proteins
  • destroys old RBC’s
  • produces bile
  • removes toxins from the blood
  • stores vitamins A,D,E,K
82
Q

Liver breaks down hemoglobin and old cell pieces that pass through the blood

A

Bile formation

83
Q

Contains high amounts of cholesterol and is sent to the gall bladder to be stored

84
Q

Scar tissue replaces normal healthy tissue, blocking blood flow through the organ and preventing it from working as it should

A

Cirrhosis of liver

85
Q

Usually caused by alcoholism or hepatitis C

86
Q

Stores biles and squirts bile into small intestine

A

Gall bladder

87
Q

Works on small particles of fat in the small intestine and digests them

88
Q

Yellowing of skin, conjunctive and mucous membranes due to deposit of bilirubin

89
Q

Bile ducts are obstructed so bile cannot drain out of the liver and overflows into the blood

A

Obstructive jaundice

90
Q

Caused from RBC’s being broken down in large quantities

A

Hemolytic jaundice

91
Q

Immature liver cannot excrete the bilirubin as quickly as it is being formed

A

Physiologic jaundice

92
Q

Disease of the liver commonly occurring in newborns

A

physiologic jaundice

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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