Test 5- Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Basic pathway of the digestive system
A
mouth oral cavity tongue pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus
2
Q
Secretes digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal
A
salivary glands
pancreas
liver
3
Q
4 stages of food processing
A
ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination
4
Q
Space between teeth and cheeks
A
Buccal cavity
5
Q
Space between lips and teeth
A
Vestibule
6
Q
Forms the roof of mouth
A
Hard and soft palates
7
Q
Posterior portion of soft palate
A
Uvula
8
Q
Inferior portion of tongue attaching to base of the oral cavity
A
Frenulum
9
Q
Tongues point of attachment
A
Root
10
Q
Anterior portion of tongue
A
Body
11
Q
Produce saliva to clean mouth and teeth and moisten bolus
A
Salivary glands
12
Q
3 pairs of salivary glands
A
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
13
Q
On lateral side of face, anterior to ear, enters oral cavity at 2nd upper molars
A
Parotid salivary gland
14
Q
8-20 ducts empty saliva into the floor of mouth
A
Sublingual salivary gland
15
Q
On medial surface or mandible, empty on either side of the lingual frenulum
A
Submandibular salivary gland
16
Q
Portion of tooth below the gum line
A
Root
17
Q
Exposed surface of teeth
A
Crown
18
Q
Hard outer surface of tooth made of calcium
A
Enamel
19
Q
Inner matrix of tooth
A
Dentin
20
Q
Hollow inside of tooth, containing vessels and nerves
A
Pulp cavity
21
Q
Canal running the length of the root
A
Root canal
22
Q
Where gum and tooth meet
A
Gingival sulcus
23
Q
Front cutting teeth
A
Incisors
24
Q
Conical, tearing teeth
A
Cuspids (canines)
25
Crushing, grinding teeth (2 roots)
Bicuspids
26
3 or more roots- also crush and grind
Molars
27
Lip/cheek side of the oral cavity
Labial/buccal side
28
Tongue side of the oral cavity
Lingual/palatal side
29
Faces away from last molar
Mesial side
30
Faces toward the last molar
Distal side
31
Surface that touches other teeth when the teeth are closed against each other
Occlusal surface
32
Connects oral cavity to esophagus and is involved in swallowing
Pharynx
33
Reflex when food ends the pharynx
larynx rises
glottis closes
epiglottis flips down over glottis
34
4 layers of the digestive tube
serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
35
Outside layer of CT and peritoneum
Serosa
36
Muscular layer of the digestive tube
Muscularis
37
CT with glands, nerves and blood vessels in the digestive tube
Submucosa
38
Innermost layer of the digestive tube, faces lumen
Mucosa
39
Made of epithelium, CT and muscle
Mucosa
40
First segment of the digestive tract and is about 10 inches long
Esophagus
41
2 sphincters of the esophagus
pharyngoesophageal
| lower esophageal
42
Where the esophagus joins stomach
Lower esophageal sphincter
43
Rhythmic contraction of digestive tubes
Peristalsis
44
Begins the esophagus, continues through the entire tract, pushing the bolus along
Peristalsis
45
Irritation in stomach or small intestine can reverse a peristalsis
Antiperistalsis
46
Acid from stomach moves into the esophagus, irritating the mucosa
Heartburn
47
Causes of heartburn
- weakened lower esophageal sphincter due to fats, alcohol
- hiatal hernia
- increased pressure due to obesity
48
Weak spot in diaphragm allows stomach to move upward
Hiatal hernia
49
3 segments of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
50
Receives bile to emulsify fat
Duodenum
51
An emulsifying agent that is made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
Bile
52
Breaks fat into small particles so it can mix with enzymes and water
Emulsifying agent
53
Second segment of the small intestinf
jejunum
54
Further digests and absorbs food molecules
Jejunum
55
3rd segment of the small intestine
Ileum
56
Further digests and absorbs food molecules and ends at the ileocecal valve (between the ileum and cecum)
Illeum
57
End of the small intestine
ileum
58
Beginning of large intestine
cecum
59
Absorbs water and electrolytes and prepares and stores undigested material (feces)
large intestine
60
Bag like section, has wormlike appendage called the vermiform appendix
Cecum
61
4 segments of the large intestine
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
62
6-7 inches long and has 3 folds to support fecal material
rectum
63
goes through body wall to exterior and ends in the anus
Anal canal
64
Dilated veins in anal canal that result from irritation of mucosa or pressure from pregnancy or hard stool
Hemorrhoids
65
Infected and swollen appendix
Appendicitis
66
Too much water is left in the intestine to rid the body of bacteria
diarrhea
67
Too much water is absorbed in the intestine, leaving dry, hard stools
Constipation
68
The development of diverticula (sac like appendages in the walls of the large intestine)
Diverticulosis
69
Inflamed diverticula
Diverticulitis
70
Caused by a low fiber diet
Diverticulitis
71
Growths from epithelial tissue of mucosa of large intestine and can become cancerous
Polyps
72
Lower part of rectum and anal canal removed, so an artificial opening in the abdominal wall can be surgically formed and fecal material is collected in a bag
Colostomy
73
Accessory organs in digestion
```
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Bile Duct
Pancreas
```
74
Has endocrine and exocrine functions
Pancreas
75
Secretes substances directly into the blood
endocrine glands
76
Secretes substances through ducts
Exocrine glands
77
Endocrine functions
secretes glucagon to increase blood glucose
| Secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose
78
Exocrine functions
Secretes pancreatic juice
- lipase: digests fats
- amylase: digests carbs
- trypsin: digests proteins
79
Results from a blocked duct
acute pancreatitis
80
Largest gland of the body located mainly in the URQ of the abdomen
Liver
81
Liver functions
- stores glucose as glycogen
- breaks down amino acids from proteins
- destroys old RBC's
- produces bile
- removes toxins from the blood
- stores vitamins A,D,E,K
82
Liver breaks down hemoglobin and old cell pieces that pass through the blood
Bile formation
83
Contains high amounts of cholesterol and is sent to the gall bladder to be stored
Bile
84
Scar tissue replaces normal healthy tissue, blocking blood flow through the organ and preventing it from working as it should
Cirrhosis of liver
85
Usually caused by alcoholism or hepatitis C
Cirrhosis
86
Stores biles and squirts bile into small intestine
Gall bladder
87
Works on small particles of fat in the small intestine and digests them
Lipase
88
Yellowing of skin, conjunctive and mucous membranes due to deposit of bilirubin
Jaundice
89
Bile ducts are obstructed so bile cannot drain out of the liver and overflows into the blood
Obstructive jaundice
90
Caused from RBC's being broken down in large quantities
Hemolytic jaundice
91
Immature liver cannot excrete the bilirubin as quickly as it is being formed
Physiologic jaundice
92
Disease of the liver commonly occurring in newborns
physiologic jaundice
