Test 2 Joints! Flashcards
Immovable joints
synarthroses
slightly movable joints
amphiarthroses
freely movable joints
diarthroses
Connects bones
Fibrous joints
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses
Bones are connected with ligaments
syndesmoses joints
Peg in socked joints
gomphoses
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
Joint where hyaline cartilage connects the bones
synchondrosis
Joint where fibrocartilage connects the bones
Symphysis
The most movable joints of the body
Synovial joints
Cartilage covering the ends of the bones comprising the joint
articular cartilage
Space surrounding the synovial joint itself
Joint cavity
Double layer of tissue surrounding the synovial joint cavity
Articular capsule
Liquid inside a joint cavity
synovial fluid
Ligaments that help stabilize the synovial joints
Reinforcing ligaments
Disc of fibrocartilage to help articulating bones fit with one another
Articular disc/meniscus
Flat surfaces of two bones slide across one another
gliding
Decreasing the angle between bones
flexion
Increasing the angle between bones
Extension
Movement of a limb away from the bodys midline
Abduction
Movement of a limb toward the body’s midline
Adduction
Occurs between C1 and C2 as well as along the entire length of the spine
Rotation
Non-angular movement in the anterior direction
Protraction
Non-angular movement in the posterior direction
Retration
Lifting a body part superiorly
Elevation
Lowering a body part inferiorly
Depression
Movement of the forearm so the palms face anteriorly
Supination
Movement of the forearm so the palms face posteriorly
Pronation
Turning the sole of the foot medially
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot laterally
Eversion
Lifting the foot so the toes point superiorly
Dorsiflexion
Elevating the heel and pointing the toes
Plantar flexion
Types of synovial joints
Plane Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball-and-socket
Articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved and use a sliding or twisting motion, like in the wrist and ankle bones
Plane joint
Surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another and uses a flexion and extension movement like in the elbows
Hinge joint
Cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament with a rotation around a central axis like in the articulation of radius and ulna
Pivot joint
Oval shaped condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another that gives a variety of movement like in the metacarpals and phalanges
Condylar joints
Concave surface in one direction and convex in another that gives a back and forth, side to side motion, like in the thumb
Saddle joint
Ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped cavity of another like in the hips
Ball-and-socket joint
Some bones fit together in a way that the articulating surfaces help stabilize a joint
Articular surfaces
Tissue connecting bone to bone in a synovial joint
Ligament
Where the head of the mandible articulates with the temporal bon
Temporomadibular joint (TMJ)
Ring of fibrocartilage that aids in joint stability in the shoulder
Glenoid labrum
Joint that helps the ROM of the shoulder
glenohumeral joint
Joint of the elbow
humeroulnar joint
Articular stabilization occurs via the trochlear notch wrapping around the distal end of the humerus
humeroulnar joint
What ligaments are associated with the humeroulnar joint?
annular ligament around the head of the radius, radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament
Rim of fibrocartilage that helps maintain articulation between head of femur and acetabulum in the hip joint
Acetabular labrum
Largest and most complex joint in the bod
Knee joint
C-shaped rings of cartilage attach to the condyles of the tibia for stabilization
menisci
Runs from medial epicondyle of femur to the medial condyle of the tibia
Tibial/medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to the head of the fibula
Fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Crosses the posterior capsule
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcs from head of fibula
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and runs posteriorly to attach to the demur on the medial side of the lateral condyle
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Arises from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and runs anteriorly to attach to the femur on the lateral side of the medial condyle
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Inflammation of a bursa, usually from friction
bursitis
long-term degenerative condition caused by wear and tear
Osteoarthritis
Autoimmune disease causing inflammation, scarring, and eventual immobilization
rheumatoid arthritis
