Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy

A

The study of structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physiology

A

The study of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is gross anatomy

A

The study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is regional anatomy

A

The study of all structures in a body region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is systemic anatomy

A

The study of all organs and tissues with related functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is microscopic anatomy

A

The study of small structures via microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is developmental anatomy

A

The study of structural changes that occur throughout an organisms life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four most common elements in the body

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are macromolecules

A

Large molecules (fats, proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are tissues

A

groups of cells that work together to perform a common function

ex: muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are organs

A

Several tissues that take on a recognizable shape and perform a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Axial Region

A

head, neck, and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Otic

A

Ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Occipital

A

Back of Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mental

A

Jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Opthalmic

A

Eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pectoral

A

Chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Umbilical

A

Naval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Abdominal

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Axiliary

A

Underarm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vertebral

A

Midline of Back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Costal

A

Ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pelvic

A

Hips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Gluteal

A

Rear End

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower Back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Perineal

A

Between anus and external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Brachial

A

Upper arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Antebrachail

A

Forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of Hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Crural

A

Lower Leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of Knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Cutaneous

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

toward the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Toward the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Superior (trunk only)

A

Toward the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Inferior (trunk on only)

A

Toward the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Proximal (limbs only)

A

Toward the attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Distal (limbs only)

A

away from the attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Deep

A

Away from the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

frontal/coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Divides the body into superior and interior portions

A

transverse/horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Divides the body into left and right portions

A

Sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Divides the body on the vertical midline into two equal left and right halves

A

mid-sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Inner tube (mouth to anus) within outer tube (skeleton and muscles)

A

tube-within-a-tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

left half is mirror image of right half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

A

embryos have hollow nerve cord which eventually develops into brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Stiff area along the back that forms embryological, most of it replaced by vertebrae

A

Notocord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Outer tube shows evidence of repeating units of similar structure

A

Segmented body plans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

Pouches that correspond to the gills on fish (embryonic state)

68
Q

Liver, stomach, kidneys

A

abdominal cavity

69
Q

bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

A

Pelvic category

70
Q

What is the purpose of serous membranes

A

The visceral portion directly adhered to the external surface of an organ while the parietal portion forms the other wall of the cavity. Fluid is secreted by the two layers and fills the space in between visceral and parietal membranes

71
Q

Portions of liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

72
Q

Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

A

Left Upper Quadrent (LUQ)

73
Q

Small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder

A

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

74
Q

What is the structure that is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins interspersed trhoughout

A

Cell membrane

75
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

Protects the cell by separating the intracellular contents from those outside the cell

76
Q

What is passive transport

A

Transport that requires no energy from the cell

77
Q

What is diffusion

A

flow from high concentration to low concentration

78
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

flow from high concentration to low concentration with the help of integral proteins

79
Q

what is the process of exocytosis

A
  1. vesicle forms around substance
  2. moves substance to outer membrane
  3. releases
80
Q

what is the process of endocytosis

A
  1. cell membrane forms pouch to receive substance
81
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”

taking in large molecules

82
Q

What is pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”

taking in fluid

83
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

To synthesize proteins

84
Q

Where are ribosomes made

A

The nucleus

85
Q

What is the function of Rough ER

A

Helps produce and distribute proteins

86
Q

What is the function of smooth ER

A

produces hormones and helps to breakdown lipids

87
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Prepares and packages proteins and enzymes

88
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

ATP

89
Q

What is the function of lysosomes

A

surround and digest waste

90
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes

A

detoxify substances

91
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Acts as the brain

Contains genetic information in the form of DNA

92
Q

What are the phases of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
93
Q

Interphase

A

cell increases its supply of proteins and organelles

DNA replicates

94
Q

Prophase

A

Have sister identical pairs attached at the centromere

centromere starts to separate

95
Q

Metaphase

A

Centrosomes are present

96
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibers pull on sister chromatids

Centromeres come apart

97
Q

Telophase

A

Cell pinches

98
Q

What is karyotype

A

Inventory of an individuals chromosomes

99
Q

What is Monosomy

A

When individuals are missing one chromosome- fatal

100
Q

What is trisomy

A

Condition where individuals have an extra chromosome

101
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY

individual is male but has some female body characteristics

102
Q

XYY

A

more violent, prone to committing crimes

103
Q

XO turner syndrome

A

Female

Shorter in stature and sterile

104
Q

What are the four main categories of tissues?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

105
Q

Covers the body and lines its organs and cavities

A

Epithelial

106
Q

Occurs as sheets of closely packed cells and categorized based on number of cell layers and shape of cells

A

Epitherlial

107
Q

Single layer of cells

A

simple

108
Q

Multiple layers of cells

A

stratified

109
Q

Irregular shaped cells

A

squamous

110
Q

Cube shaped cells

A

cubodial

111
Q

columnar

A

column shaped cells

112
Q

What type of tissue regnerates rapidly and covers surfaces that are subject to abrasion?

A

Stratified squamous

113
Q

What type of tissue is suitable for the exchange of materials by diffusion

A

Simple squamous

114
Q

Large type of cells that make secretory products

A

Cubodial

115
Q

What produces secretions

A

glandular epithelium

116
Q

What releases secretions through ducts onto the epithelial surface

A

Exocrine glands

117
Q

What tissue binds and supports other tissues

A

Connective Tissues

118
Q

What are the three CT fiber types

A

Elastin Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Collagen Fibers

119
Q

What is the role of Elastin fibers?

A

Provide resilience

120
Q

What is the role of reticular fibers?

A

Provide support

121
Q

What is the role of collagen fibers?

A

Provide strength

122
Q

What are the 6 types of Connective Tissue

A 
Loose connective Tissue
Adipose tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
123
Q

Loose weave of collagen that holds many tissues and organs in place

A

Loose connective tissue

124
Q

Contains fat to pad and insulate the body and store energy

A

Adipose tissue

125
Q

Densely packed collagen fibers that form tendon and ligaments

A

Fibrous connective tissue

126
Q

Strong but flexible material with collagen fibers embedded in a rubbery matrix found at the end of bones, between vertebrae and compromising the nose and ears

A

Cartilage

127
Q

The most common type of cartilage

A

Hyaline

128
Q

The more flexible version of hyaline

A

Elastic Cartilage

129
Q

The cartilage between vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage

130
Q

A rigid tissue made of collagen fibers embedded calcium salts

A

Bone

131
Q

Superficial portion of the bone that contains blood vessels

A

Compact

132
Q

Middle/deep portion of bone that has open spaces but no vessels

A

spongy

133
Q

Fluid matrix in transport and immunity consisting of cells and plasma

A

blood

134
Q

Functions in movement
consists of bundles of long muscle fibers
the most abundant tissue in most mammals

A

Muscle tissue

135
Q

The muscle tissue equivalent to cytoplasm

A

Sarcoplasm

136
Q

The muscle tissue equivalent to membrane

A

Sarcolemma

137
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

138
Q

Attached to the bones by tendons and is responsible for voluntary movement

A

Skeletal muscle

139
Q

Causes involuntary contration of the heart and has striated cells

A

Cardiac muscle

140
Q

Found in the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder and arteries

A

Smooth muscle

141
Q

Forms a communication network
Functions to relay info regarding internal and external environments
Consists of neurons

A

Nervous tissue

142
Q

What is the integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, nails, glands

143
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system

A 
physical protection
thermal regulation
excretion
nutrition
sensation
immune defense
144
Q

What are the two main layers of skin

A

dermis

Epidermis

145
Q

Consists of 4 thin skin or 5 thick skin layers and is the superficial outer layer of skin

A

Epidermis

146
Q

Deepest layer of skin which produces new cells

A

Stratum basale

147
Q

Middle layer of skin

A

Stratum spinosum

148
Q

Layer where the skin cells begin to die

A

Stratum granylosum

149
Q

Only on the palms of hands and feet

A

Stratum Lucidum

150
Q

Dead, protective and water resistant layer of skin

A

Stratum corneum

151
Q

Deep layer of skin made of loose and fibrous CT including collagen and elastic fibers
Blood vessels present to carry oxygen and nutrients to new skin cells and remove CO2

A

Dermis

152
Q

Superficial layer with dermal papillae

Gives finger prints

A

Papillary layer

153
Q

Deeper (to the dermis) layer

consists of fibers surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves and glands

A

Reticular layer

154
Q

Deep to dermis

Made of loose CT

A

Hypodermis layer

155
Q

What are the components of skin tone?

A

blood supply
carotene
melanin

156
Q

What is the function of hair

A

Protection
Movement detection
Sensation

157
Q

The inner layer of hair

A

medulla

158
Q

the middle layer of hair

A

cortex

159
Q

the outer layer of hair

A

cuticle

160
Q

Bulb below the skins surface

A

root

161
Q

the length of hair superficial to the root

A

shaft

162
Q

The process of hair mitosis

A

Formed at the basis of follicle and cell undergoes mitosis

When cell stops mitosis hair falls out

163
Q

Vellus hair

A

fine hairs that cover the body

164
Q

Intermediate hair

A

moderately thick hair that is on the arms and legs

165
Q

Terminal hair

A

very thick hair

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions