Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Connects the ribs to the sternum
A
costal cartilage
2
Q
Pubis symphysis
A
In women, the cartilage in between the hip bones that makes child birth possible
3
Q
What are the three types of cartilage
A
Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage
4
Q
Appositional growth
A
The growth of cartilage from the outside Chondroblasts produce new tissue by secreting a matrix
5
Q
Interstitial growth
A
Growth of cartilage from within Chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and secrete a new matrix
6
Q
What tissues compromise bone
A
bone nervous tissue blood tissue cartilage epithelial tissue
7
Q
What are the primary functions of bone
A
support movement protection mineral storage blood cell formation and energy storage
8
Q
Stem cells that differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts
A
Osteogenic cells
9
Q
Bone-forming cells
A
Osteoblasts
10
Q
Mature bone cell
A
Osteocytes
11
Q
Cells that reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue
A
Osteoclast
12
Q
Groups of cylinders to help bone resist stresses
A
Osteons
13
Q
Components of an osteon
A
Lamella central canal/haversion canal runs throughout the core contains blood vessels and nerves Perforating canals to connect blood supply
14
Q
Diaphysis
A
Shaft of long bone
15
Q
Epiphyses
A
The ends of long bone Covered with articular cartilage
16
Q
Epiphyseal line
A
Indicates location of growth plate
17
Q
Vessels
A
Nutrient artery in long bones Nutrients are via the nutrient foramen
18
Q
Medulla cavity
A
area in long bones in the center of the diaphysis with no spongy bone and is filled with marrow
19
Q
Periosteum
A
Membrane on long bones that covers the outer surface of the bone
20
Q
Endosteum
A
Membrane on the long bone that covers the internal bone surface
21
Q
Structures that stick out, usually for muscle or ligament attachment
A
Processes
22
Q
Large rounded projection
A
tuberosity
23
Q
Ridge on bone
A
Crest
24
Q
Large blunt projection
A
Trochanter
25
Narrow ridge of bone
Line
26
Small round projection on bone
Tubercle
27
Projection above a condyle
Epicondyle
28
Sharp, slender projection on bone
Spine
29
What are the articular surfaces of the bones
Head Neck Facet Condyle
30
Bony expansion of the articular surface
Head
31
Narrow area distal to the head of the articular surface
Neck
32
Smooth surface on the articular surface
Facet
33
Rounded projection off of the articular surface
Condyle
34
What are the depressions and openings of the bones
foramen groove fissure notch fossa meatus sinus
35
Round or oval opening
Foramen
36
The furrow on the bone
Groove
37
The indentation on the bone
Notch
38
A narrow slit on the bone
fissure
39
Shallow depression on the bone
fossa
40
Canal in the bone
Meatus
41
Cavity within a bone
Sinus
42
When bone breaks but does not pierce the skin
Simple fracture
43
When a bone breaks and pierces the skin
Compound fracture
44
When a bone breaks into small fragments
Communicated Bone Fracture
45
When a bone is crushed
Compression Bone Fracture
46
Fracture caused by excessive twisting
Spiral Bone Fracture
47
When the epiphyseal separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal Bone Fracture
48
Bone portion is pressed inward
Depression Bone Fracture
49
When the bone does not completely break
Greenstick Bone Fracture
50
What is the fracture healing process?
Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Body callus formation Bone remodeling
51
Blood vessels break, releasing blood that clots
Hematoma formation
52
New vessels enter the area and soft callus forms, which is later replaced by dense connective tissue
Fibrocartilage formation
53
Bony tissue called the fibrocartilage callus
Body callus formation
54
Callus smooths out
Bone remodeling
55
Bone tissue deteriorates/breaks down at a faster rate than it is being produced
Osteoporosis
56
What are the implications of osteoporosis
Compact bones become thinner Spongy bone has fewer trabculae Bones are more susceptible to fracture
57
Bones that have become inadequately mineralized in adults
Osteomalacia
58
What are the implications of osteomalacia
bones are soft and weak individuals experience pain when weight is applied
59
When bones are inadequately mineralized in children
Rickets
60
Primary affects inidiviuals 10-25 Usually affects long bone Tumors erode the medullary cavity and the compact bone
Osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
61
Skull, vertebral column and the thoracic cage
Axial Skeleton
62
Surround and protect the brain
Cranial bones
63
Form the framework of the face and form the anterior portion of the skull
Facial Bones
64
The two categories the skull is divided into
Cranial Bones Facial Bones
65
Interlocking immovable joints that connect the skull bones
Sutures
66
Make up the superior and later portions of the skull
Pariteal Bones
67
Forms the forehead and the superior portion of the orbits/eye sockets
Frontal Bone
68
Cranial Bones
Parietal Bones Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bones Sphenoid Bones
69
Upper rim of each orbit
Supraorbital margin
70
Opening through supraorbital margin
Supraorbital foramen
71
Smooth area just superior to the bridge of the nose
Glabella
72
Air-filled pockets within bone lateral to glabella
Frontal Sinuses
73
Where the anterior portion of the brain sits
Anterior cranial fossa
74
Forms the posterior and inferior skull
Occiptical Bone
75
knob or bumb along the midline
External Occipital Protuberance
76
Run horizontally just inferior to superior nuchal lines
77
Formed internally, hold the cerebellum
Posterior Cranial Fossa
78
Large hole through which the brainstem travels
Foramen magnum
79
Lateral to foramen magnum- allow the head to rock or nod
Occipital Condyles
80
Medial and superior to the occipital condyles
Passageway for the hypoglossal nerve
Hypoglossal Canal
81
Form portions of the latetal and inferior skull
Temporal bones
82
Along with the zygomatic bone, forms the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic Process
83
External ear canal
External acoustic/auditory meatus
84
Dense area (resembles mountain ridge)
Petrous Portion
85
Opening for passage of the internal jugular vein as well as some cranial nerves
Jugular Foramen
86
Anterior to the jugular foramen for the passage of the internal carotid artery
carotid canal
87
Jagged opening for vessel, nerve passage
Foramen Lacerum
88
Needle-like inferior projection for muscle and ligament attachment
Styloid Process
89
A rounded bump lateral and posterior to the styloid process for muscle attachment
Masteoid Process
90
Located in between styloid and mastoid processes, nerve passageway
stylomastoid foramen
91
Partially formed by temporal bones, contains temporal lobes of brain
Middle cranial fossa
92
Butterfly shaped bones that span the skull
Sphenoid bones
93
Form a portion of the lateral skull and part of the middle cranial fossa
Greater wings
94
Form a portion of the anterior cranial fossa
Lesser wings
95
Saddle portion of the sphenoid bone
Sella Turcica
96
Anterior to the sella turcica- for passage of the optic nerve
Optic canal
97
Slit between greater and lesser wings for passage of muscles
superior orbital fissure
98
In the medial portion of greater wing
Foramun rotundum
99
Posterolateral to foramn rotundum
Foramen ovale
100
Posterolateral to foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
101
Deep bone of skul
Anterior to sphenoid, posterior to nasal bones
Ethmoid bone
102
Horizontal plates of superior surface
Full of tiny foramina
Cribiform Plates
103
Superior projection on the ethmoid bone
crista galli
104
Inferior projection
Forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
Perpindicular Plate
105
Curved protrusion that extends medially into the nasal cavity
superior and middle nasal conchaw
106
4 cranial sutures
coronal suture
sagittal suture
lambdoid suture
squamous suture
107
suture between parietal bones and frontal bones
coronal suture
108
suture between pariteal bone and temporal bone
squamous suture
109
suture between left and right parietal bones
sagittal suture
110
suture between parietal bone and occipital bone
Lambdoid suture
111
Lower jaw bone
Mandible
112
Verticle portion of the mandible
Ramus
113
Where the body and ramus meet
Angle
114
Anterior process of the ramus
Coronid Process
115
Posterior Process of Ramus
Condylar Process
116
Enlargement on end of condylar process
Head
117
Intermediate to coronoid and condylar processes
Mandibular Notch
118
Fusion of the two halves of the mandible
Mandibular Symthysis
119
Chin of the mandible
Mental protuberance
120
On The medial surface of each ramus
Madibular foramen
121
Anteriorlateral portion of the body
Mental foramen
