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Human Anatomy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Connects the ribs to the sternum

A

costal cartilage

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2
Q

Pubis symphysis

A

In women, the cartilage in between the hip bones that makes child birth possible

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3
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage

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4
Q

Appositional growth

A

The growth of cartilage from the outside Chondroblasts produce new tissue by secreting a matrix

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5
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth of cartilage from within Chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and secrete a new matrix

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6
Q

What tissues compromise bone

A

bone nervous tissue blood tissue cartilage epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What are the primary functions of bone

A

support movement protection mineral storage blood cell formation and energy storage

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8
Q

Stem cells that differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cells

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9
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

Mature bone cell

A

Osteocytes

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11
Q

Cells that reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue

A

Osteoclast

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12
Q

Groups of cylinders to help bone resist stresses

A

Osteons

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13
Q

Components of an osteon

A

Lamella central canal/haversion canal runs throughout the core contains blood vessels and nerves Perforating canals to connect blood supply

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14
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

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15
Q

Epiphyses

A

The ends of long bone Covered with articular cartilage

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16
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Indicates location of growth plate

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17
Q

Vessels

A

Nutrient artery in long bones Nutrients are via the nutrient foramen

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18
Q

Medulla cavity

A

area in long bones in the center of the diaphysis with no spongy bone and is filled with marrow

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19
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane on long bones that covers the outer surface of the bone

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20
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane on the long bone that covers the internal bone surface

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21
Q

Structures that stick out, usually for muscle or ligament attachment

A

Processes

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22
Q

Large rounded projection

A

tuberosity

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23
Q

Ridge on bone

A

Crest

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24
Q

Large blunt projection

A

Trochanter

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25
Q

Narrow ridge of bone

A

Line

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26
Q

Small round projection on bone

A

Tubercle

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27
Q

Projection above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

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28
Q

Sharp, slender projection on bone

A

Spine

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29
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the bones

A

Head Neck Facet Condyle

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30
Q

Bony expansion of the articular surface

A

Head

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31
Q

Narrow area distal to the head of the articular surface

A

Neck

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32
Q

Smooth surface on the articular surface

A

Facet

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33
Q

Rounded projection off of the articular surface

A

Condyle

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34
Q

What are the depressions and openings of the bones

A

foramen groove fissure notch fossa meatus sinus

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35
Q

Round or oval opening

A

Foramen

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36
Q

The furrow on the bone

A

Groove

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37
Q

The indentation on the bone

A

Notch

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38
Q

A narrow slit on the bone

A

fissure

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39
Q

Shallow depression on the bone

A

fossa

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40
Q

Canal in the bone

A

Meatus

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41
Q

Cavity within a bone

A

Sinus

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42
Q

When bone breaks but does not pierce the skin

A

Simple fracture

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43
Q

When a bone breaks and pierces the skin

A

Compound fracture

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44
Q

When a bone breaks into small fragments

A

Communicated Bone Fracture

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45
Q

When a bone is crushed

A

Compression Bone Fracture

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46
Q

Fracture caused by excessive twisting

A

Spiral Bone Fracture

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47
Q

When the epiphyseal separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

A

Epiphyseal Bone Fracture

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48
Q

Bone portion is pressed inward

A

Depression Bone Fracture

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49
Q

When the bone does not completely break

A

Greenstick Bone Fracture

50
Q

What is the fracture healing process?

A

Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Body callus formation Bone remodeling

51
Q

Blood vessels break, releasing blood that clots

A

Hematoma formation

52
Q

New vessels enter the area and soft callus forms, which is later replaced by dense connective tissue

A

Fibrocartilage formation

53
Q

Bony tissue called the fibrocartilage callus

A

Body callus formation

54
Q

Callus smooths out

A

Bone remodeling

55
Q

Bone tissue deteriorates/breaks down at a faster rate than it is being produced

A

Osteoporosis

56
Q

What are the implications of osteoporosis

A

Compact bones become thinner Spongy bone has fewer trabculae Bones are more susceptible to fracture

57
Q

Bones that have become inadequately mineralized in adults

A

Osteomalacia

58
Q

What are the implications of osteomalacia

A

bones are soft and weak individuals experience pain when weight is applied

59
Q

When bones are inadequately mineralized in children

A

Rickets

60
Q

Primary affects inidiviuals 10-25 Usually affects long bone Tumors erode the medullary cavity and the compact bone

A

Osteosarcoma (bone cancer)

61
Q

Skull, vertebral column and the thoracic cage

A

Axial Skeleton

62
Q

Surround and protect the brain

A

Cranial bones

63
Q

Form the framework of the face and form the anterior portion of the skull

A

Facial Bones

64
Q

The two categories the skull is divided into

A

Cranial Bones Facial Bones

65
Q

Interlocking immovable joints that connect the skull bones

A

Sutures

66
Q

Make up the superior and later portions of the skull

A

Pariteal Bones

67
Q

Forms the forehead and the superior portion of the orbits/eye sockets

A

Frontal Bone

68
Q

Cranial Bones

A

Parietal Bones Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bones Sphenoid Bones

69
Q

Upper rim of each orbit

A

Supraorbital margin

70
Q

Opening through supraorbital margin

A

Supraorbital foramen

71
Q

Smooth area just superior to the bridge of the nose

A

Glabella

72
Q

Air-filled pockets within bone lateral to glabella

A

Frontal Sinuses

73
Q

Where the anterior portion of the brain sits

A

Anterior cranial fossa

74
Q

Forms the posterior and inferior skull

A

Occiptical Bone

75
Q

knob or bumb along the midline

A

External Occipital Protuberance

76
Q

Run horizontally just inferior to superior nuchal lines

A
77
Q

Formed internally, hold the cerebellum

A

Posterior Cranial Fossa

78
Q

Large hole through which the brainstem travels

A

Foramen magnum

79
Q

Lateral to foramen magnum- allow the head to rock or nod

A

Occipital Condyles

80
Q

Medial and superior to the occipital condyles

Passageway for the hypoglossal nerve

A

Hypoglossal Canal

81
Q

Form portions of the latetal and inferior skull

A

Temporal bones

82
Q

Along with the zygomatic bone, forms the zygomatic arch

A

Zygomatic Process

83
Q

External ear canal

A

External acoustic/auditory meatus

84
Q

Dense area (resembles mountain ridge)

A

Petrous Portion

85
Q

Opening for passage of the internal jugular vein as well as some cranial nerves

A

Jugular Foramen

86
Q

Anterior to the jugular foramen for the passage of the internal carotid artery

A

carotid canal

87
Q

Jagged opening for vessel, nerve passage

A

Foramen Lacerum

88
Q

Needle-like inferior projection for muscle and ligament attachment

A

Styloid Process

89
Q

A rounded bump lateral and posterior to the styloid process for muscle attachment

A

Masteoid Process

90
Q

Located in between styloid and mastoid processes, nerve passageway

A

stylomastoid foramen

91
Q

Partially formed by temporal bones, contains temporal lobes of brain

A

Middle cranial fossa

92
Q

Butterfly shaped bones that span the skull

A

Sphenoid bones

93
Q

Form a portion of the lateral skull and part of the middle cranial fossa

A

Greater wings

94
Q

Form a portion of the anterior cranial fossa

A

Lesser wings

95
Q

Saddle portion of the sphenoid bone

A

Sella Turcica

96
Q

Anterior to the sella turcica- for passage of the optic nerve

A

Optic canal

97
Q

Slit between greater and lesser wings for passage of muscles

A

superior orbital fissure

98
Q

In the medial portion of greater wing

A

Foramun rotundum

99
Q

Posterolateral to foramn rotundum

A

Foramen ovale

100
Q

Posterolateral to foramen ovale

A

Foramen spinosum

101
Q

Deep bone of skul

Anterior to sphenoid, posterior to nasal bones

A

Ethmoid bone

102
Q

Horizontal plates of superior surface

Full of tiny foramina

A

Cribiform Plates

103
Q

Superior projection on the ethmoid bone

A

crista galli

104
Q

Inferior projection

Forms the superior portion of the nasal septum

A

Perpindicular Plate

105
Q

Curved protrusion that extends medially into the nasal cavity

A

superior and middle nasal conchaw

106
Q

4 cranial sutures

A

coronal suture

sagittal suture

lambdoid suture

squamous suture

107
Q

suture between parietal bones and frontal bones

A

coronal suture

108
Q

suture between pariteal bone and temporal bone

A

squamous suture

109
Q

suture between left and right parietal bones

A

sagittal suture

110
Q

suture between parietal bone and occipital bone

A

Lambdoid suture

111
Q

Lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

112
Q

Verticle portion of the mandible

A

Ramus

113
Q

Where the body and ramus meet

A

Angle

114
Q

Anterior process of the ramus

A

Coronid Process

115
Q

Posterior Process of Ramus

A

Condylar Process

116
Q

Enlargement on end of condylar process

A

Head

117
Q

Intermediate to coronoid and condylar processes

A

Mandibular Notch

118
Q

Fusion of the two halves of the mandible

A

Mandibular Symthysis

119
Q

Chin of the mandible

A

Mental protuberance

120
Q

On The medial surface of each ramus

A

Madibular foramen

121
Q

Anteriorlateral portion of the body

A

Mental foramen

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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