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Test 3- Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Largest portion of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

Divided into right and left hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

Interprets sensory info

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Bumps of the brain

A

Gyri

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5
Q

Grooves of the brain

A

Sulci

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6
Q

Outer shell of gray matter that covers each hemisphere

A

Cerebral cortex

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7
Q

Four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Frontal

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8
Q

Site of primary motor are, which initiates nerve impulses that control voluntary muscle fibers

A

Frontal Lobe

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9
Q

Anterior to the central sulcus and serves as the primary motor cortex

A

Pre central gyrus

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10
Q

Site of primary sensory area including cutaneous sensory area, which interprets touch, pressure, pain, and information from various sensory organs

A

Parietal Lobe

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11
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

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12
Q

Posterior to the central sulcus and serves as the primary sensory cortex

A

Postcentral gyrus

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13
Q

Map showing portion of motor cortex devoted to each body region

A

Motor Homunculus

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14
Q

Map showing the amount of sensory cortex devoted to each body region

A

Sensory Homunculus

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15
Q

Primary auditory area and site of memory for visual images, music, ect

A

Temporal lobes

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16
Q

Separates the temporal lobe from parietal lobe

A

Lateral Sulcus

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17
Q

Deep to lateral sulcus and contains sensory cortex for taste and visceral sensations

A

Insula

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18
Q

The term referring to how sensory and motor information is controlled by opposite sides as a result of decussation of fibers

A

Contralateral

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19
Q

Where is information received through?

A

corpus callosum

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20
Q

Typically, the dominant hemisphere. Controls language and analytical ability

A

Left Hemisphere

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21
Q

Controls visuospatial and pattern recognition

A

Right Hemisphere

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22
Q

Coordinates complex fine-motor functions involved in speech (tongue, lips, ect.)

A

Broca’s Area

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23
Q

Responsible for ability to comprehend language and formulate words

A

Wernicke’s Area

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24
Q

When speech is poorly articulated and the individual might have difficulty responding to questions while yet understanding what is being spoken

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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25
When an individual can speak easily using real and made-up words, but cannot understand spoken or written language
Wernicke's Aphasia
26
Cavities within the brain
Ventricles
27
Ventricles separated by septum pellucidum
2 lateral ventricles
28
Ventricle between the right and left thalamus
3rd
29
Ventricle between pons and cerebellum
4th
30
Cerebrospinal fluid production in the choroid plexuses
Function of ventricles
31
Specialized masses of capillaries
Choroid plexuses
32
Clear tissue fluid that protects and buoys the brain and spinal cord
CSF
33
Supplies brain and spinal cord with nutrients collected fro blood and collects waste
CSF
34
How often is the entire volume of CSF replaced?
4x per day
35
How does CSF get from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?
Interventricuar foramen
36
How does CSF get from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th?
cerebral aqueduct
37
Inferior to temporal and occipital lobes
Cerebellum
38
Receives impulses from the inner ear and sends impulses to the muscles to retain poster-- coordinates skeletal muscle action
Cerebellum
39
What does damage to the cerebellum result in?
Ataxia- uncoordinated movement
40
What connects the cerebellum
Vermis
41
Internal white matter in the cerebellum
Arbor vitae "tree of life"
42
Relay center for all incoming impulses, which it sends to the proper area of the cerebrum
Thalamus
43
Inferior to the thalamus and regulates thirst, hunger, body temp, BP, circadian rhythm
Hypothalamus
44
Regulates autonomic nervous system (visceral motor division)
Hypothalamus
45
Secretes melatonin
Epithalamus
46
Contains tracts to and from the cerebrum
Midbrain
47
Serves as the reflex center for vision and hearing
Midbrain
48
Point where fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain
Decussation of the pyramids
49
Connects cerebellum to the rest of brain and contains respiratory center
Pons
50
Connects with the spinal cord and contains vital centers for heart, BP and breathing
Medulla oblongata
51
Center of reflex arcs that relays sensory impulses from PNS to brain, as well as relays motor impulses from brain to muscles
Spinal Cord
52
Extends from foramen magnum to L1
Spinal cord
53
Carries information from the receptors to the brain to be interpreted
Ascending tracts of the spinal cord
54
Carries impulses/directions from the brain to the effectors
Descending tracts of the spinal cord
55
Where sensory neurons enter the spinal cord
Dorsal root
56
Contains sensory neuron cell bodies
Dorsal root ganglion
57
Where motor neurons exit the spinal cord
Ventral root
58
Tapering terminal end of the spinal cord at L1 or L2
Conus medullaris
59
The "tail" of the pia mater
Forum terminale (tail bone)
60
Nerve rootlets extending from inferior end of spinal cord
Cauda equina "horse's tail"
61
What are the 3 meninges that are protective CT surrounding the CNS
Dura mater- tough, outer Arachnoid- weblike Pia mater- thin, adhered to brain
62
Superficial to dep spaces associated with the meninges
``` epidural space dura mater subdural space arachnoid subarachnoid space (CSF) Pia mater ```
63
Inflammation of the mininges
Meningitis
64
Excessive CSF in ventricles and/or subarachnoid space
Hydrocephalus
65
Caused by tumor swelling that closes off the cerebral aqueduct of IV ventricle, meningitis, or an overdeveloped choroid plexus
Hydrocephalus
66
Leads to deterioration of the brain and symptoms include confusion and memory loss
Alzheimer's
67
Loss of function of the lower limbs resulting from damage between T2 and L1
Paraplegia
68
Loss of function of all four limbs as well as respiratory function
Quadriplegia
69
Results from damage superior to the midneck
Quadriplegia
70
Due to burst or torn vessels
Hemmorhagic stroke
71
Stroke due to a blood clot blocking blood flow to an area, which causes tissues to die
Ischemic stroke
72
Causes the patient to be unable to distinguish reality
Schizophrenia

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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