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Human Anatomy > Test 4- The Heart > Flashcards

Test 4- The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Between ribs 2-6 anteriorly and between vertebrae T5-T8

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2
Q

Superior region of the heart, where blood vessels enter and leave

A

Base of the heart

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3
Q

Inferior tip of the heart

A

Apex

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4
Q

Fibrous sac around the outside of the heart, which adheres to blood vessels that enter and leave the heart

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

Adheres to the sternum superiorly and the diaphragm inferiorly

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
-parital pericardium
-visceral pericardium

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7
Q

Space between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericaridum

A

Pericardial cavity

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8
Q

Fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

Pericardial fluid

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9
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium (visceral pericaridum)
Myocardium
Endocardium

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10
Q

Serious membrane of the heart wall adhering to the heart

A

Epicardium

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11
Q

Middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

Inner layer of the heart wall, facing the chambers of the heart

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A 
2 atria (right and left superior chambers)
2 ventricles (right and left inferior chambers)
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14
Q

What separates the atria?

A

Intertribal septum

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15
Q

What separates the ventricles?

A

Interventricle septum

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16
Q

What 3 blood vessels does the right atrium receive?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

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17
Q

Carries blood to the heart from the head, neck, thorax and upper extremities

A

Superior vena cava

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18
Q

Carries blood to the heart from the lower extremities

A

Inferior vena cava

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19
Q

Carries blood from the heart wall to the RA

A

Coronary sinus

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20
Q

Only opening where blood leaves the RA

A

Tricuspid/right AV valve

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21
Q

Receives blood from the RA through the tricuspid valve

A

Right ventricle

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22
Q

Attached to the cusps of the tricuspid valve

A

Chordae tendinae

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23
Q

Oxygen poor blood is pumped out of the heart through the ______valve and into the ________

A

semilunar valve/pulmonary trunk

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24
Q

To and from the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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25
to and from the body regions
systemic circulation
26
to and from the heart itself
cardiac circulation
27
Blood flow from RV
- oxygen poor blood flow from RV through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk - flows through pulmonary arterioles and into capillaries of alveoli - carbon dioxide taken by respiratory membrane - oxygen rich blood flows from capillaries into pulmonary venues - 4 pulmonary veins carry ORB into LA
28
Thickest-walled chamber in the heart
LV
29
What 3 vessels does the LV pump blood out through into?
2 coronary arteries | 1 aortic trunk
30
Carries blood towards the heart
veins
31
Blood first enters the heart through this first
atria
32
Located between atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and arteries
Valves
33
Opening between the two artia
foramen ovale
34
Allows some blood to bypass lungs before birth
Foramen ovale
35
Artery between right pulmonary artery and aortic arch
Duties arteriosus
36
Serves as a bypass for blood from lungs to systemic circulation
Ductus arteriosus
37
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat
Stroke Volume (60-100 mL)
38
The number of contraction per minute
Heart beat rate (70 per min)
39
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
Cardiac output (4-8 L/min)
40
How long does the cardiac cycle last
.85s
41
What are the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle?
- Both semilunar valves close and both cuspid valves open - Both cuspid valves close, semilunar valves open - Both semilunar valves are closed, both cuspid valves open, all chamber fill with blood
42
Relaxation of the heart muscle
Diastole
43
When the atria contract, the ventricles are in.......
diastole
44
When ventricles contract, the atria are in......
diastole
45
Atria fail to contract
Atrial fibrillation
46
Specialized region of cardiac muscle in RA wall near junction of superior vena cava, which sends stimulates to cause atria to contract every .85 seconds
Pacemaker-sinoatrial node
47
Receives impulse from SA node and slowly passes the signal to the AV bundle
AV node on the base of RA
48
Attached to the AV node and passes through the fibrous base into the inter ventricular septum
AV bundle (atrioventricular bundle)
49
A graph printout of electrolyte changes that occur as the heart muscle contracts
ECG/EKG
50
Atrial depolarization
P wave
51
Spread of depolarization into ventricles
QRS wave
52
Depolarization of the ventricles
T wave
53
Along with its branches, supplies the left side of the heart with blood
Left coronary artery
54
Along with its branches, supplies the right side of the heart
Right coronary artery
55
Alternative routes for getting blood to a body part
Lack anastomoses
56
The right and left cardiac veins follow a route similar to that or the arteries
Coronary (cardiac) veins
57
Chest pain resulting from lack of oxygen to the heart
Angina
58
Caused by a weakened LV or an LV that is not pumping effectively
Congestive heart failure
59
Blood pressure builds up in the lungs, causing them to become congested (edema)
Congestive heart failure
60
Makes the heart beat stronger
Digoxin
61
Decreases BV to decrease pressure
Diuretics
62
Dilate BV to decrease pressure
Vasodilators
63
Abnormal heart sounds caused by defective heart valves
Heart murmurs
64
Defect in ventricular septum
VSD
65
Build up of fatty plaque in the arteries
Atherosclerosis
66
results in decreased blood supply to the myocardium
coronary artery disease
67
Death of cardiac muscle cells and resulting failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the rest of the body
Heart attack/ myocardial infarction

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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