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Human Anatomy > Test 4- The Heart > Flashcards

Test 4- The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Between ribs 2-6 anteriorly and between vertebrae T5-T8

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2
Q

Superior region of the heart, where blood vessels enter and leave

A

Base of the heart

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3
Q

Inferior tip of the heart

A

Apex

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4
Q

Fibrous sac around the outside of the heart, which adheres to blood vessels that enter and leave the heart

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

Adheres to the sternum superiorly and the diaphragm inferiorly

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
-parital pericardium
-visceral pericardium

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7
Q

Space between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericaridum

A

Pericardial cavity

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8
Q

Fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

Pericardial fluid

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9
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium (visceral pericaridum)
Myocardium
Endocardium

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10
Q

Serious membrane of the heart wall adhering to the heart

A

Epicardium

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11
Q

Middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

Inner layer of the heart wall, facing the chambers of the heart

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A 
2 atria (right and left superior chambers)
2 ventricles (right and left inferior chambers)
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14
Q

What separates the atria?

A

Intertribal septum

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15
Q

What separates the ventricles?

A

Interventricle septum

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16
Q

What 3 blood vessels does the right atrium receive?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

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17
Q

Carries blood to the heart from the head, neck, thorax and upper extremities

A

Superior vena cava

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18
Q

Carries blood to the heart from the lower extremities

A

Inferior vena cava

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19
Q

Carries blood from the heart wall to the RA

A

Coronary sinus

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20
Q

Only opening where blood leaves the RA

A

Tricuspid/right AV valve

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21
Q

Receives blood from the RA through the tricuspid valve

A

Right ventricle

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22
Q

Attached to the cusps of the tricuspid valve

A

Chordae tendinae

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23
Q

Oxygen poor blood is pumped out of the heart through the ______valve and into the ________

A

semilunar valve/pulmonary trunk

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24
Q

To and from the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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25
Q

to and from the body regions

A

systemic circulation

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26
Q

to and from the heart itself

A

cardiac circulation

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27
Q

Blood flow from RV

A
  • oxygen poor blood flow from RV through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk
  • flows through pulmonary arterioles and into capillaries of alveoli
  • carbon dioxide taken by respiratory membrane
  • oxygen rich blood flows from capillaries into pulmonary venues
  • 4 pulmonary veins carry ORB into LA
28
Q

Thickest-walled chamber in the heart

29
Q

What 3 vessels does the LV pump blood out through into?

A

2 coronary arteries

1 aortic trunk

30
Q

Carries blood towards the heart

31
Q

Blood first enters the heart through this first

32
Q

Located between atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and arteries

33
Q

Opening between the two artia

A

foramen ovale

34
Q

Allows some blood to bypass lungs before birth

A

Foramen ovale

35
Q

Artery between right pulmonary artery and aortic arch

A

Duties arteriosus

36
Q

Serves as a bypass for blood from lungs to systemic circulation

A

Ductus arteriosus

37
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat

A

Stroke Volume (60-100 mL)

38
Q

The number of contraction per minute

A

Heart beat rate (70 per min)

39
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

A

Cardiac output (4-8 L/min)

40
Q

How long does the cardiac cycle last

41
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle?

A
  • Both semilunar valves close and both cuspid valves open
  • Both cuspid valves close, semilunar valves open
  • Both semilunar valves are closed, both cuspid valves open, all chamber fill with blood
42
Q

Relaxation of the heart muscle

43
Q

When the atria contract, the ventricles are in…….

44
Q

When ventricles contract, the atria are in……

45
Q

Atria fail to contract

A

Atrial fibrillation

46
Q

Specialized region of cardiac muscle in RA wall near junction of superior vena cava, which sends stimulates to cause atria to contract every .85 seconds

A

Pacemaker-sinoatrial node

47
Q

Receives impulse from SA node and slowly passes the signal to the AV bundle

A

AV node on the base of RA

48
Q

Attached to the AV node and passes through the fibrous base into the inter ventricular septum

A

AV bundle (atrioventricular bundle)

49
Q

A graph printout of electrolyte changes that occur as the heart muscle contracts

50
Q

Atrial depolarization

51
Q

Spread of depolarization into ventricles

52
Q

Depolarization of the ventricles

53
Q

Along with its branches, supplies the left side of the heart with blood

A

Left coronary artery

54
Q

Along with its branches, supplies the right side of the heart

A

Right coronary artery

55
Q

Alternative routes for getting blood to a body part

A

Lack anastomoses

56
Q

The right and left cardiac veins follow a route similar to that or the arteries

A

Coronary (cardiac) veins

57
Q

Chest pain resulting from lack of oxygen to the heart

58
Q

Caused by a weakened LV or an LV that is not pumping effectively

A

Congestive heart failure

59
Q

Blood pressure builds up in the lungs, causing them to become congested (edema)

A

Congestive heart failure

60
Q

Makes the heart beat stronger

61
Q

Decreases BV to decrease pressure

62
Q

Dilate BV to decrease pressure

A

Vasodilators

63
Q

Abnormal heart sounds caused by defective heart valves

A

Heart murmurs

64
Q

Defect in ventricular septum

65
Q

Build up of fatty plaque in the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

66
Q

results in decreased blood supply to the myocardium

A

coronary artery disease

67
Q

Death of cardiac muscle cells and resulting failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the rest of the body

A

Heart attack/ myocardial infarction

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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