Test 5 - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological structure gives rise to the kidneys? What germ layer?

A

The urogenital ridge from the intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

The development of the kidney requires a 3 kidney system. What are those 3 kidney systems?

A

Pronephros

Mesonephros

Metanephros (forms the adult kidney)

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3
Q

What week does the pronephros develop and start working? When does it stop functioning?

A

4th week

5th week

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4
Q

When does the mesonephros develop and start working? When does it stop working? What does it eventually become?

A

5th week

10th week

Wolffian duct

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5
Q

When does the metanephros develop and start working?

A

The metanephros starts to develop in the 5th week but doesn’t start working until the 10th week

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6
Q

Describe the initial steps in the formation of the definitive kidney.

A

The metanephric mass develops along side the mesonephric duct. Then, the ureteric bud branches off the mesonephric duct and connects to the metanephric mass.

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7
Q

What does the uretic bud give rise to?

A

collecting ducts, major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

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8
Q

What does the metanephric mass give rise to?

A

nephron

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9
Q

What does the cloaca give rise to?

A

urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

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10
Q

Describe the branches of the renal arterial system in order.

A

renal a. –> segmental a. –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a. –> interlobular a. –> afferent a. –> efferent a. –> peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta –> interlobular v. –> arcuate v. –> interlobar v. –> segmental v. –> renal v.

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11
Q

Name it

A
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12
Q

Name it

A
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13
Q

What are the 3 male urethras? (in order)

A

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

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14
Q

What is this called? What is it called when an individual has a 3rd kidney?

A

bifid renal pelvis and ureter

supranumerary kidney

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15
Q

What is renal agenesis? What can it lead to?

A

Renal agenesis is the failure to form a kidney. If the fetus has bilateral renal agenesis, it develops potter’s syndrome (lack of urine production) which then leads to oligohydramnios (decrease in amniotic fluid) then death

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16
Q

What is this?

A

Horseshoe kidney

17
Q

What is this?

A

pelvic kidney

18
Q

In the presence of a pelvic kidney, where does the adrenal gland develop?

A

It develops normally in its anatomical location

19
Q

Where are the 3 locations a kidney stone can lodge? What sympathetic nerves innervate the ureters?

A

ureteropelvic junction (renal pelvis/ureter)

pelvic brim (ureter crossing over the common illiac)

ureterovesical junction (ureter/bladder)

T10-L2

20
Q

What are the 3 divisions of urogential sinus? What do they give rise to?

A
  • Vesical part
    • bladder
    • epithelium replaced by endoderm
  • pelvic part
    • prostate gland
    • prostate and membranous urethra
  • phallic part
    • gential tubercle
21
Q

What is the urachus? What are the 3 anomalies we need to know about?

A

The urachus is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord.

urachal fistula

urachal cyst

urachal sinus

22
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

At the trigone

23
Q

Name it

A
24
Q

name it

A
25
Q

name it

A
26
Q

These are a baby’s kidneys. Is this normal?

A

Yes. Our kidneys are lobulated and don’t become smooth in appearance until later in life

27
Q

What is going on?

A
28
Q

What aretery do horseshoe kidneys get caught on?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

29
Q

Name it

A
30
Q

name it

A
31
Q

What ribs are located at the upper pole of the left and right kidneys?

A

Right = 12th

Left = 11th and 12th

32
Q

name it

A