Test 5 - anatomy Flashcards
What embryological structure gives rise to the kidneys? What germ layer?
The urogenital ridge from the intermediate mesoderm
The development of the kidney requires a 3 kidney system. What are those 3 kidney systems?
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros (forms the adult kidney)
What week does the pronephros develop and start working? When does it stop functioning?
4th week
5th week
When does the mesonephros develop and start working? When does it stop working? What does it eventually become?
5th week
10th week
Wolffian duct
When does the metanephros develop and start working?
The metanephros starts to develop in the 5th week but doesn’t start working until the 10th week
Describe the initial steps in the formation of the definitive kidney.
The metanephric mass develops along side the mesonephric duct. Then, the ureteric bud branches off the mesonephric duct and connects to the metanephric mass.
What does the uretic bud give rise to?
collecting ducts, major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
What does the metanephric mass give rise to?
nephron
What does the cloaca give rise to?
urogenital sinus and anorectal canal
Describe the branches of the renal arterial system in order.
renal a. –> segmental a. –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a. –> interlobular a. –> afferent a. –> efferent a. –> peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta –> interlobular v. –> arcuate v. –> interlobar v. –> segmental v. –> renal v.
Name it
Name it
What are the 3 male urethras? (in order)
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra
What is this called? What is it called when an individual has a 3rd kidney?
bifid renal pelvis and ureter
supranumerary kidney
What is renal agenesis? What can it lead to?
Renal agenesis is the failure to form a kidney. If the fetus has bilateral renal agenesis, it develops potter’s syndrome (lack of urine production) which then leads to oligohydramnios (decrease in amniotic fluid) then death
What is this?
Horseshoe kidney
What is this?
pelvic kidney
In the presence of a pelvic kidney, where does the adrenal gland develop?
It develops normally in its anatomical location
Where are the 3 locations a kidney stone can lodge? What sympathetic nerves innervate the ureters?
ureteropelvic junction (renal pelvis/ureter)
pelvic brim (ureter crossing over the common illiac)
ureterovesical junction (ureter/bladder)
T10-L2
What are the 3 divisions of urogential sinus? What do they give rise to?
- Vesical part
- bladder
- epithelium replaced by endoderm
- pelvic part
- prostate gland
- prostate and membranous urethra
- phallic part
- gential tubercle
What is the urachus? What are the 3 anomalies we need to know about?
The urachus is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord.
urachal fistula
urachal cyst
urachal sinus
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
At the trigone
Name it
name it
