Test 2 Pharm Flashcards
Furosemide
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Diuretic
Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter increasing [solute] which draws water into the lumen –> increased urine output
Edema, hypercalcemia, hypertension
Furosemide toxicity?
hypokalemia, ototoxicity
Lisonopril
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
RAAS drug
inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
CHF, hypertension, diabetic renal disease
Lisonopril toxicity?
bradykinin cough reflex, hyperkalemia, teratogenic
Valsartan
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
RAAS drug
angiotensin II receptor antagonist
CHF and hypertension
Valsartan toxicity?
hyperkalemia, teratogenic
spironolactone
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
RAAS drug
aldosterone receptor inhibitor
CHF, hypertension, hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone toxicity?
hyperkalemia, endocrine effects
Carvedilol
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Beta blocker
B1 and alpha 1 antagonist
heart failure, hypertension
Carvedilol toxicity?
bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, AV block, CNS sedation
Metoprolol
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Beta blocker/ class II antiarrhythmic
B1 antagonist
heart failure, hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
Metoprolol toxicity?
bradycardia, AV block, CNS sedation
Dobutamine
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Inotrope and chronotrope
B1 agonist
heart failure
Dobutamine toxicity?
arrhythmia
digoxin
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
ionotrope/cardiac glycoside
inhibits Na+/K+ pump, which increases intracellular [Ca2+] via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
heart failure, arrhythmias
digoxin toxicity?
visual disturbances, nausea, arrhythmias
Milrinone
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
inotrope
phosphodiesterase inhibitor which increases cAMP
heart failure
Milrinone toxicity?
arrhythmia
Hydralazine
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Vasodilator
opens vascular K+ channels resulting in relaxation –> decreased afterload
heart failure, angina
Hydralazine toxicity?
tachycardia, hypotension, headache
Isosorbide dinitrate
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
vasodilator
nitric oxide mechanism
heart failure
Isosorbide dinitrate toxicity?
tachycardia, hypotension, headache
Sacubitril
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Vasodilator
neprilysin inhibitor
heart failure
Sacubitril toxicity?
hyperkalemia, cough, hypotension
Procainamide
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class IA antiarrhythmic
inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)
supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, WPW syndrome
Lidocaine
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class I antiarrhythmic
inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)
ventricular tachycardia
Lidocaine
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class IB antiarrhythmic
inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)
ventricular tachycardia
Lidocaine toxicity?
CNS toxicity
Flecainide
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class IC antiarrhythmic
inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)
atrial tachycardia with normal ventricular function
Flecainide toxicity?
arrhythmia
What type of drugs are class II antiarrhythmics?
Beta blockers
Class I antiarrhythmic drugs block the _______ channels responsible for phase ___ of the cardiac action potential.
Class I drugs block sodium channels responsible for Phase 0 (upshoot) of the cardiac action potential
Amiodarone
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class III antiarrhythmic
Inhibits K+ and Na+ channels
Atrial and ventricular tachycardias
Amiodarone toxicity
Long QT, hypotension, pulmonary fibrosis, tissue deposits, drug interactions
Dronaderone
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class III antiarrhythmic
Inhibits K+ and Na+ channels
Atrial and ventricular tachycardias
Dronaderone toxicity?
long QT, depressed conduction
Dofetilide
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class III antiarrhythmic
Inhibits K+
Atrial and ventricular tachycardias
Dofetilide toxicity?
long QT
Sotalol
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class III antiarrhythmic
Inhibits K+ channels and Beta adrenergic receptors
Atrial and ventricular tachycardias
Sotalol toxicity?
Long QT
Verapamil
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
Class IV antiarrhythmic
Voltage gated Ca2+ channel inhibitor, cardiac preferring (non-DHP)
atrial arrhythmias, angina, hypertension
Verapamil toxicity
hypotension, tachycardia
Nifedipine
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (smooth muscle)
Voltage gated Ca2+ channel inhibitor, vascular smooth muscle preferred (dilation)
angina, hypertension
Nifedipine toxicity?
hypotension, tachycardia
Adenosine
Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?
nucleotide receptor agonist
activate adenosine receptors
conversion of atrial arrhythmias
Adenosine toxicity?
Nadda! (well, none on our list)
What effect do class IC AADs have on the QRS complex? What about the effective refractory period?
Class IC AADs widen the QRS cuz they slow phase 0 (upstroke) a ton, but the ERP is unchanged.
What is the mechanism of action of class I AADs?
They block Na+ channels responsible for Phase 0 (upstroke) of the cardiac action potential
What is the mechanism of action of class III AADs? What effect do they have on the action potential and ERP?
They block K+ channels. Amiodarone and dronedarone inhibit Na+ channels, too. Action potential is prolonged, ERP is prolonged.
What is the mechanism of action of class IV AADs?
They block Ca2+ channels responsible for Phase 0 (upstroke) of the nodal pacemaker action potential for rate control.