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CPR > Test 2 Pharm > Flashcards

Test 2 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Diuretic

Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter increasing [solute] which draws water into the lumen –> increased urine output

Edema, hypercalcemia, hypertension

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2
Q

Furosemide toxicity?

A

hypokalemia, ototoxicity

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3
Q

Lisonopril

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

RAAS drug

inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

CHF, hypertension, diabetic renal disease

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4
Q

Lisonopril toxicity?

A

bradykinin cough reflex, hyperkalemia, teratogenic

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5
Q

Valsartan

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

RAAS drug

angiotensin II receptor antagonist

CHF and hypertension

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6
Q

Valsartan toxicity?

A

hyperkalemia, teratogenic

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7
Q

spironolactone

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

RAAS drug

aldosterone receptor inhibitor

CHF, hypertension, hyperaldosteronism

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8
Q

spironolactone toxicity?

A

hyperkalemia, endocrine effects

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9
Q

Carvedilol

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Beta blocker

B1 and alpha 1 antagonist

heart failure, hypertension

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10
Q

Carvedilol toxicity?

A

bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, AV block, CNS sedation

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11
Q

Metoprolol

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Beta blocker/ class II antiarrhythmic

B1 antagonist

heart failure, hypertension, angina, arrhythmias

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12
Q

Metoprolol toxicity?

A

bradycardia, AV block, CNS sedation

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13
Q

Dobutamine

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Inotrope and chronotrope

B1 agonist

heart failure

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14
Q

Dobutamine toxicity?

A

arrhythmia

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15
Q

digoxin

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

ionotrope/cardiac glycoside

inhibits Na+/K+ pump, which increases intracellular [Ca2+] via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

heart failure, arrhythmias

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16
Q

digoxin toxicity?

A

visual disturbances, nausea, arrhythmias

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17
Q

Milrinone

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

inotrope

phosphodiesterase inhibitor which increases cAMP

heart failure

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18
Q

Milrinone toxicity?

A

arrhythmia

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19
Q

Hydralazine

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Vasodilator

opens vascular K+ channels resulting in relaxation –> decreased afterload

heart failure, angina

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20
Q

Hydralazine toxicity?

A

tachycardia, hypotension, headache

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21
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

vasodilator

nitric oxide mechanism

heart failure

22
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate toxicity?

A

tachycardia, hypotension, headache

23
Q

Sacubitril

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Vasodilator

neprilysin inhibitor

heart failure

24
Q

Sacubitril toxicity?

A

hyperkalemia, cough, hypotension

25
Q

Procainamide

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class IA antiarrhythmic

inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)

supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, WPW syndrome

26
Q

Lidocaine

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class I antiarrhythmic

inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)

ventricular tachycardia

27
Q

Lidocaine

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic

inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)

ventricular tachycardia

28
Q

Lidocaine toxicity?

A

CNS toxicity

29
Q

Flecainide

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class IC antiarrhythmic

inhibits Na+ channels (and K+ channels)

atrial tachycardia with normal ventricular function

30
Q

Flecainide toxicity?

A

arrhythmia

31
Q

What type of drugs are class II antiarrhythmics?

A

Beta blockers

32
Q

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs block the _______ channels responsible for phase ___ of the cardiac action potential.

A

Class I drugs block sodium channels responsible for Phase 0 (upshoot) of the cardiac action potential

33
Q

Amiodarone

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

Inhibits K+ and Na+ channels

Atrial and ventricular tachycardias

34
Q

Amiodarone toxicity

A

Long QT, hypotension, pulmonary fibrosis, tissue deposits, drug interactions

35
Q

Dronaderone

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

Inhibits K+ and Na+ channels

Atrial and ventricular tachycardias

36
Q

Dronaderone toxicity?

A

long QT, depressed conduction

37
Q

Dofetilide

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

Inhibits K+

Atrial and ventricular tachycardias

38
Q

Dofetilide toxicity?

A

long QT

39
Q

Sotalol

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

Inhibits K+ channels and Beta adrenergic receptors

Atrial and ventricular tachycardias

40
Q

Sotalol toxicity?

A

Long QT

41
Q

Verapamil

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

Class IV antiarrhythmic

Voltage gated Ca2+ channel inhibitor, cardiac preferring (non-DHP)

atrial arrhythmias, angina, hypertension

42
Q

Verapamil toxicity

A

hypotension, tachycardia

43
Q

Nifedipine

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (smooth muscle)

Voltage gated Ca2+ channel inhibitor, vascular smooth muscle preferred (dilation)

angina, hypertension

44
Q

Nifedipine toxicity?

A

hypotension, tachycardia

45
Q

Adenosine

Class? mechanism of action? Clinical uses?

A

nucleotide receptor agonist

activate adenosine receptors

conversion of atrial arrhythmias

46
Q

Adenosine toxicity?

A

Nadda! (well, none on our list)

47
Q

What effect do class IC AADs have on the QRS complex? What about the effective refractory period?

A

Class IC AADs widen the QRS cuz they slow phase 0 (upstroke) a ton, but the ERP is unchanged.

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class I AADs?

A

They block Na+ channels responsible for Phase 0 (upstroke) of the cardiac action potential

49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class III AADs? What effect do they have on the action potential and ERP?

A

They block K+ channels. Amiodarone and dronedarone inhibit Na+ channels, too. Action potential is prolonged, ERP is prolonged.

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class IV AADs?

A

They block Ca2+ channels responsible for Phase 0 (upstroke) of the nodal pacemaker action potential for rate control.

CPR (27 decks)

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