Cardiovascular drugs

Question 1

pyridostigmine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 1

reversible AchE inhibitor

Tx of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and myasthenia gravis

Respiratory depression; bradycardia; lacrimation; diarrhea

Question 2

Atropine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 2

non-selective muscarinic antagonist

reversal of vagal bradycardia; antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity

tachycardia

Question 3

Clonidine

Answer 3

alpha 2 agonist in CNS

hypertension

postural hypotension; bradycardia; sedation; dry mouth

Question 4

dobutamine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 4

beta 1 agonist

increase cardiac output in acute heart failure; stress testing

tachycardia

Question 5

dopamine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 5

dopamine, alpha, and beta agonist

shock; sometimes used in heart failure

tachycardia; vasoconstriction; local necrosis

Question 6

epinephrine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 6

adrenergic agonist

emergency treatment of cardiac anaphylaxis

arrhythmia; local necrosis

Question 7

isoprotenerol mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 7

non-selective beta agonist

limited uses in bradycardia

tachycardia; hypotension

Question 8

methyldopa mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 8

converted to alpha-methylnorephrine, which acts as a selective alpha 2 agonist receptors in the CNS

limited uses as antihypertensive in pregnancy

postural hypotension; bradycardia; sedation; dry mouth

Question 9

midodrine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 9

alpha 1 agonist

Chronic orthostatic hypotension

hypertension; bradycardia

Question 10

norepinephrine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 10

adrenergic agonist

restoration of BP in acute hypotensive states

Arrhythmia; extravasation necrosis

Question 11

phenylephrine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 11

non-selective alpha agonist

test of baroflex; short term vasoconstriction; decongestant

hypertension; bradycardia

Question 12

carvedilol mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 12

alpha 1 and beta antagonist

hypertension; heart failure

bradicardia; bronchoconstriction

Question 13

doxazosin mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 13

alpha 1 antagonist

benign prostatic hyperplasia; hypertension (rare)

orthostatic hypotension

Question 14

labetalol mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 14

alpha 1 and beta antagonist

hypertension

bradycardia; bronchoconstriction

Question 15

metoprolol mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 15

beta 1 antagonist

hypertension; heart failure

bradycardia; bronchoconstriction

Question 16

phentolamine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 16

non-selective alpha antagonist

Tx of extravasation of adrenergic agonists

orthostatic hypotension; tachycardia; nasal congestion

Question 17

phenoxybenzamine mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 17

non-selective covalent (long-acting) alpha antagonist

pheochromocytoma

orthostatic hypotension; tachycardia; nasal congestion

Question 18

propranolol mechanism, clinical uses, SAE

Answer 18

non-selective beta antagonist

angina; arrhythmias; tremor; stage fright; migraine; hypertension

bradycardia; bronchoconstriction