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anatomy > Test 4 Heart > Flashcards

Test 4 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

heart

A

a muscular double pump

with two functions:

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2
Q

Right Side of Heart

A 
receives oxygen poor
blood and then pumps this blood to
the lungs to pick up oxygen and
dispel carbon dioxide (Pulmonary
circuit)
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3
Q

Left side of heart

A

receives the
oxygenated blood from the lungs
and pumps this blood throughout
the body. (Systemic circuit)

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4
Q

atria

A

(x 2): superior chambers (separated by the interatrial septum)
that receive blood returning from the pulmonary and systemic circuits

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5
Q

ventricles

A

x2
inferior chambers (separated by the interventricular
septum) that pump blood around the two circuits.

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6
Q

The heart lies in

A

the thorax posterior to the sternum, left of the

midline and rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm

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7
Q

pericardium

A

(“Around the heart”): a triple layered sac

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8
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer strong layer of dense

connective tissue

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9
Q

serous pericardium

A

formed from two layers

  1. parietal layer
  2. viceral layer
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10
Q

parietal layer

A

fused to fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

viceral layer

A

aka epicardium

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12
Q

pericardial cavity

A

Fluid-filled space between the parietal and

visceral layers of serous pericardium

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13
Q

pericardial cavity function

A

contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between

the beating heart and the outer wall of the pericardial sac

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14
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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15
Q

myocardium

A

consists of cardiac muscle

-Muscle arranged in circular and spiral patterns

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16
Q

endocardium

A

endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue

-Lines the internal walls of the heart

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17
Q

vessels returning blood to the heart

A

Superior and inferior venae cavae and Right & Left Pulmonary veins

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18
Q

vessels conveying blood away from the heart include

A 
-Pulmonary trunk (which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries)
Ascending aorta (three branches) – brachiocephalic, left common
carotid, and left subclavian artery
19
Q

right atrium receives

A

oxygen-poor blood from the superior and
inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right
ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

20
Q

internally, the right atrium has two parts

A

a smooth walled posterior
part and an anterior part lined by horizontal ridges called the pectinate
muscles.

21
Q

Heart valve ensures? (function)

A

unidirectional blood flow through the heart

22
Q

each heart valve consist of?

A

two or three cusps, which are flaps of

endocardium reinforced by cores of dense C.T

23
Q

heart valves open and close in response to?

A

differences in blood

pressure on each side of the valves.

24
Q

what are the two atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid and bicuspid valves

25
Q

function of atrioventricular valves

A

prevent the backflow of the blood into the atria during contraction of
the ventricles

26
Q

what happens when the ventricles are relaxed

A

the valves are forced open by the

blood pressure exerted on their atrial side.

27
Q

when the ventricles start to contract

A

the pressure within them
rises and forces the blood superiorly against the valve cusps…pushing
the edges of the cusps together and closing the AV valves

28
Q

The right ventricle

A

e receives deoxygenated blood from the right
atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary
arteries via the pulmonary semilunar valve and pulmonary trunk.

29
Q

the internal walls of the right ventricle are marked with

A

irregular ridges of muscle called

trabeculae carneae

30
Q

cone shaped papillary muscles project from

A

the walls into the

ventricular cavity and attach to strong bands called chordae tendineae

31
Q
  • The chordae tendineae attach to
A 
the flaps (cusps) of the tricuspid
valve
32
Q

the papillary muscles of the heart serve to?

A

limit the movements of
the bucuspid and tricuspid valves. These muscles contract to tighten the
chordae tendineae, which in turn prevent inversion

33
Q

the papillary muscles brace the valves against

A

the high pressure, preventing regurgitation of ventricular

blood back into the atrial cavities

34
Q

chordae tendineae

A

or heart strings, are cord-like tendons that
connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid
valve in the heart

35
Q

the chordae tendineae prevents

A

the flaps from being everted into the

right atrium

36
Q

the two semilunar valves

A

pulmonry and aortic valves

37
Q

function of semilunar valves

A

prevent

backflow from the great arteries into the ventricles.

38
Q

as ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises

A

blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open

39
Q

as ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure fails

A

blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close

40
Q

the left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs

via the pulmonary veins, and pumps it into the left ventricle

41
Q

the left ventricle receives

A

oxygenated blood from the left atrium via
the bicuspid valve, and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic semilunar
valve

42
Q

left ventricle, like the right ventricle, contains

A

s trabeculae carneae, papillary
muscles, chordae tendineae, and the cusps of the bicuspid valve (mitral
valve).

43
Q

coronary circulation

A

the functional blood supply to the heart

muscle itself.

44
Q

collateral routes ensure

A

blood delivery to heart even if major vessels

are occluded

anatomy (21 decks)

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