Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > Test 4 Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Test 4 Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

the blood vessels of the body form a

A

a closed circulatory system

powered by the pumping of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blood is carried in a?

A

closed
system of vessels that begins
and ends at the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the three major types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, and

veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the path of blood vessels

A

Heart → Arteries →
Arterioles → Capillaries →
Venules → Veins → Heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The walls of most blood vessels are composed of

A

three distinct layers

(tunics): 1) tunica intima, 2) tunica media, and 3) tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the tunics surrounding the central blood filled space of the blood vessel walls are called

A

the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tunica intima

A

the innermost tunic, which contains the endothelium

(simple squamous epithelium) that lines the lumen of all vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the endothelium froms a

A

smooth surface that minimizes the friction

of blood moving across them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in vessel larger than 1 mm in diameter

A

a thin layer of loose C.T.,

called the subendothelial layer, lies just external to the endothelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tunic media

A

the middle tunic consists of circularly arranged sheets
of smooth muscle fibers that sandwich sheets of elastin and collagen
fibrils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of the smooth muscle cells decreases the diameter of the
vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vasodilation

A

relaxation of the smooth muscle cells increases the vessel’s diameter of the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the tunica media is thicker in?

A

arteries than in veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tunica externa

A 
the outermost layer of the vessel wall; composed of
connective tissue (elastic and collagen fibers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tunica externa function

A

protects the vessel, further strengthens its wall, and anchors
the vessel to surrounding structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

arteries

A

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the arterial system is divided into 3 parts

A

: elastic, muscular, arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a) Elastic (conducting) arteries

A

(1cm-2.5 cm): thick-walled arteries
near the heart (aorta and its major branches)
- Large lumen allow low-resistance conduction of blood ; contains
elastin in all three tunics
- Withstands and dampends large blood pressure fluctuations to allow
blood to flow fairly continuously through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscular arteries

A

s (0.3mm to 1 cm): distal to elastic arteries and
deliver blood to body organs; have thick tunica media with more
smooth muscle and less elastic tissue; active in vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Arterioles

A

(10µm-0.3mm): smallest arteries; lead to capillary beds
and control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction
-Their tunica media contains only one or two layers of smooth muscle
cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

arteries

A

the passage of blood through the arteries proceeds from elastic arteries, to muscular arteries, to artrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

capillaries

A

are the smallest blood vessels, with a diameter of 8-

10µm. just large enough to enable RBC’s to pass through in single file

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

capillaries are composed of

A

only a single layer of endothelial cells

surrounded by a basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pericytes

A

s: spider-shaped cells who form a network around the
periphery of the capillary and serve to strengthen and stabilize the
capillary

25
Q

function of capillaries

A

Renew and refresh interstitial fluid with oxygen nutrients
cells need, and removes carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes that
cells deposit into the fluid

26
Q

capillary bed

A

is a network of capillaries, which run throughout

most tissues….especially the loose connective tissues

27
Q

capillary beds

A

terminal arteriole -> metarteriole -> (true capillaries) -> throughfare channel -> venule

28
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

composed of smooth muscle cells, wrap

around the root of each true capillary where it leaves the metarteriole

29
Q

the endothelial cells are held together by

A

tight junctions and

occasional desmosomes

30
Q

tight junctions of capillaries do not…

A

do not surround the whole perimeter of the
endothelial cells…leaving gaps of unjoined membrane, called
intercellular clefts

31
Q

the intercellular celfts

A

small molecules to exit and enter the

capillary

32
Q

3 structural types of capillaries

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, and

Sinusoids

33
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

most common; are abundant in the skin and
muscles, and have: endothelial cells that provide an uninterrupted
lining, adjacent cells that are held together with tight junctions but
have intercellular clefts of unjoined membranes that allow the passage
of fluids

34
Q

blood brain barrier

A

the capillaries of the brain lack the structural

features that account for capillary permeability

35
Q

blood brain barriers lacks

A

Complete tight junctions (intercellular clefts are absent)
-Vital molecules that must cross are “ushered through” via highly
selective transport mechanisms in the plasma membranes of the
endothelial cells.

36
Q

fenestrated capillaries characterized by

A

an endothelium
riddled with fenestrations (pores) allowing greater permeability to
solutes and fluids than other capillaries

37
Q

fenestrated capillaries found in

A

where there are high rates of exchange of small molecules
between the blood and the surrounding tissue fluid (e.g., small
intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys)

38
Q

sinusoidal capillaries characterized by

A

a twisted, leaky,

fenestrated capillaries with large lumens

39
Q

sinusoidal capillaries allow

A

large molecules (proteins and blood cells) to pass between the
blood and surrounding tissues
- Blood flows sluggishly, allowing for many exchanges that occur
across the capillary walls

40
Q

sinusoidal capillaries found in

A

liver, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, and in some

endocrine organs

41
Q

veins

A

are the blood vessels that conduct blood from the capillaries
toward the heart

42
Q

-Because blood pressure in the venous part of the circulation is much
lower than in the arterial part

A

…the walls of veins are much thinner

than those of comparable arteries

43
Q

venules

A

(8-100µm): the simplest veins that are formed when

capillary beds unite.

44
Q

postcapillary venules

A

smallest venules, composed of endothelium
and a few pericytes; function like capillaries that leak fluid and
leukocytes during an inflammatory response

45
Q

large venules have

A

one or two layers of smooth muscle (tunica

media)

46
Q

veins are formed when

A

venules converge and are capacitance vessels

(blood reservoirs) that contain 65% of the blood supply; vei

47
Q

in veins, the tunica externa is

A

thicker than the tunica media

(opposite in arteries)

48
Q

veins:
Several mechanisms counteract the low venous blood pressure and
help move the blood along its course back to the heart:

A

a) Large-diameter lumens, which offer little resistance to flow
b) Valves (resembling semilunar heart valves), which prevent
backflow of blood; abundant in the veins of the limbs

49
Q

vascular anastosomes

A

: merging blood
vessels, more common in veins than
arteries

50
Q

vascular anastosomes example:

arterial anastomoses

A

: provide
alternate pathways (collateral channels)
for blood to reach a given body region
-If one branch is blocked, the collateral
channel can supply the area with adequate
blood supply (thoroughfare channels are
examples of arteriovenous anastomoses)

51
Q

the walls of blood vessels contain

A

living cells and therefore require

a blood supply of their own

52
Q

vasa vasorum

A 
(“vessels of the
vessels”): the tiny arteries,
capillaries, and veins that supply
and drain the walls of larger blood
vessels
53
Q

vasa vasorum located in?

A

in the tunica externa

54
Q

vasa vasorum arise either as?

A 
tiny branches
 from the same vessel or as small
 branches from other, nearby
 vessels and nourish the outer
 half of the wall of the larger
 vessel.
55
Q

arteries vs veins:

delivery

A

arteries: Blood pumped into single
systemic artery – the aorta

veins:
Blood returns via superior and
interior venae cavae and the
coronary sinus

56
Q

arteries vs veins location

A

arteries: deep, and protected by tissue
veins: both deep and superficial

57
Q

arteries vs veins pathways

A

arteries: fair, clear, and defined
veins: convergent interconnection

58
Q

arteries vs veins

supply/drainage

A

arteries: predictable supply
veins: dural sinuses and hepatic portal circulation

anatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions