Chapter 2 lecture

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

• 1600s
• “father of microscopy”
• coined the term “cell” to describe the basic unit of life

Question 2

mattias schleiden and Theodore Schwann (1830s)

Answer 2

all living things are composed of one or more cells

Question 3

Are the following organic molecule alive?

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

Answer 3

No

Question 4

cell theory

Answer 4

all organisms are composed of cell and cell products

- all cells come from previously existing cells

Question 5

life begins with?

Answer 5

cells

• each cell performs all the functions necessary to sustain life
• all the cells in our bodies originate from one initial cell

Question 6

ectoderm

Answer 6

central nervous sytem
retina and lens
cranial sensory
ganglia and nerves
pigment cells
head connective tissue
epidermis
hair 
mammary glands

Question 7

mesoderm

Answer 7

skull
head, skeletal muscle
skeleton 
dermis of skin
connective tissue
urogenital sytem
heart
blood, lymph cells
spleen

Question 8

endoderm

Answer 8

stomach
colon
liver
pancreas
urinary bladder
epithelial parts of: trachea, lungs, pharynx, thyroid, intestine

Question 9

phospholipids are composed of

Answer 9

1. 2 fatty acids chain (tail = non-polar or hydrophobic)

2. a phophate group (head = polar or hydrophilic)

Question 10

fluid mosaic

Answer 10

fluid: molecules can move freely within the membrane
mosaic: a diversity of proteins exists within the membrane

Question 11

functions of membrane proteins

Answer 11

• attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
• cell signaling
• enzymatic activity
• transport
• intercellular joining
• cell-cell recognition

Question 12

Hierarchy of life

Answer 12

ecosystem -> community -> population -> organism -> organ system -> organ -> tissue -> cell -> molecule -> atom

Question 13

cells come in amazing variety of sizes and shapes

Answer 13

morphology

Question 14

in addition to morphology cells differ in

Answer 14

• their ability to move

- their internal organization (prokaryotic verses eukaryotic)

Question 15

are all organisms composed of cells and cell products?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

are all of the cells within an organisms the same?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

how many distinct cell types make up the human body

Answer 17

210

Question 18

we all developed from?

Answer 18

a single cell

• a single celled human zygote formed by fertilization is smaller than a period found in your text books
• the zygote develops into a full-blown organism with 100 trillion cells organized into complex tissues and organs

Question 19

difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Answer 19

prokaryotic cells: only domains: bacteria and archea

eukaryotic cells: pant and animal kingdoms, including the fungi (multicellular molds and unicellular yeast)

Question 20

what type of cells do humans have?

Answer 20

eukaryotic cells

Question 21

prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

• consist of a single enclosed compartment that is surrounded by a plasma membrane
• lacks a defined nucleus
• has a relatively simple organization

Question 22

where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 22

nucleoid region

Question 23

bacteria

Answer 23

• the most numerous prokaryotes
• do not have membrane bound compartments
• have many proteins that are precisely localized in their aqueous interior or cytosol

Question 24

cytosol

Answer 24

the fluid material contained by the plasma membrane and the cell wall

Question 25

all cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic - difference

Answer 25

• eukaryotic cells contain a defined membrane-bound nucleus that is absent ini prokaryotes
• nucleus segregates the cellular DNA from the rest of body
• eukaryotic organisms can be either unicellular or multicellular

Question 26

The three main parts of a cell

Answer 26

1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus

Question 27

plasma membrane

Answer 27

• defines extent of the cell

- separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings