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Su24 > Test 2: paper review > Flashcards

Test 2: paper review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

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2
Q

what digests worn-out cell parts and invading bacteria

A

lysosomes

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3
Q

what produces a usable form of energy for the cell

A

Mitochondrion

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4
Q

What transports materials within the cell

A

vesicles

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5
Q

what organelle controls all cell functions

A

nucleus

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6
Q

What makes proteins for transport out of the cell

A

rER

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7
Q

where is the site where ribosomes are made

A

nucleolus

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8
Q

What organelle produces lipids

A

sER

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9
Q

Where is DNA stored

A

nucleus

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10
Q

What is the structure that controls what enters and exits the cell

A

cell membrane

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11
Q

what contains powerful enzymes for detoxification

A

sER

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12
Q

composed of a phospholipid bilayer

A

membrane

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13
Q

do all cells in the human body have a nucleus? Do any have more than 1?

A

No, red blood cells have none and skeletal muscles have multi

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14
Q

Name 2 organelles with double membranes

A

chloroplast and mitochondrion

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15
Q

some cells, such as the neuron, produce protein-based neurotransmitters and use large quantites of ATP to send nervous signals throughout the body. which ORGANELLES would you expect ot find large quantities.

A

Mitochondrion

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16
Q

What does the fluid mosaic model describe the plasma membrane consiting of

A

diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

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17
Q

most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzmatic function, are preformed by:

A

proteins

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18
Q

Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell occurs when

A

a signaling molecule binds to a protein that extends to the outside of the cell

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19
Q

Plasma membranes are semipermeable. This means:

A

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others

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20
Q

Small, nonpolar, hydrophoic molecules such as fatty acids ______________ thorough a membranes lipid bilayer

A

easily pass thru the layer

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21
Q

Which of the following would have the most trouble crossing through a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
O2
CO2
Na+
a small nonpolar molecule such as butane

A

Na+

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22
Q

Oxygen crosses the plasma membrane via ______

A

simple diffusion

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23
Q

Is diffusion a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules

A

Yes

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24
Q

Does diffusion require energy

A

no

25
Q

does diffusion occur when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concetrated

A

No

26
Q

Does diffusion occur even after equilibrium is reached and no net charge is apparent?

A

Yes

27
Q

Diffusion does not require ATP. therefore atp diffusion is concedered _______ transportation

A

passive

28
Q

When 2 aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will:

A

move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration

29
Q

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. the presence of these organelles tells you that the enviroment is:

A

is hypotonic to the protozoan

30
Q

A cell that has neither a net gain of water nor net loss of water when it is immersed in a solution must be ______ to its environment

A

isotonic

31
Q

In a hypotonic solution an animal cell will

A

lyse

32
Q

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result, you ______

A

dehydrate yourself

33
Q

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires _______ and moves a substance _______ its concentration gradient

A

transport proteins; down

34
Q

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are

A

proteins

35
Q

what do aquaporins do

A

allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion

36
Q

What moves a solute against its concentration gradient

A

active transport

37
Q

Which of the following is a typical feature of an ATP-driven acitve transport mechanism
The transport protein must cross to the correct side of the membrane before the solute can bind it
The trasport protein is irreversibly phosphorylated as transport takes place
The transport protein catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP
The solute moves against the concentration gradient

A

The trasport protein is irreversibly phosphorylated as transport takes place

38
Q

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the processes could be responsible for its secretion

A

exocytosis

39
Q

The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is

A

phagocytosis

40
Q

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

A

kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is th potenital energy of molecules

41
Q

which law of thermodynamics states energy cannot be created or destroyed

A

1st

42
Q

Which of the following direct energy transfers is impossible in living systems:
Light energy to chemical energy
Chem to kinetic
Light to potential
Heat to light

A

Heat to light

43
Q

Which of the following processes is endergonic
Burning wood
synthesis of glucose from CO2 & water
Breakdown of glucose
Cellular respiration

A

synthesis of glucose from CO2 & water

44
Q

What is the basic difference btw exergonic and endergonic reactions

A

exergonic releases energy while endergonic absorbs it

45
Q

Does ATP release energy when one phosphate group leaves it?

A

yes

46
Q

how many phosophate groups make up ATP

A

3

47
Q

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it ______ the activation energy of the reaction

A

lowers

48
Q

Substrates bind to an enzymes ____ site

A

active

49
Q

What are the 4 structures that plant cells have that animal cells do not

A

cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole

50
Q

What are the 6 structures in the endomembrane system? how are they related

A

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes, Vesicles, Membrane, work together to package and transport lipids/proteins

51
Q

4 functions of the smooth ER

A

synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones, the detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts and the storage and metabolism of calcium ions within the cell.

52
Q

What are the 2 types of endocytosis

A

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

53
Q

Name the 3 types of protein fiber in cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

54
Q

What is a fluid mosaic model

A

The fluid mosaic model explains various characteristics regarding the structure of functional cell membranes

55
Q

What is osmosis

A

the moement of water down its concentration gradient

56
Q

What is the difference btw exergonic and endergonic? examples?

A

Exergonic breaksdown molecules while endergonic builds them. Endergonic takes lower potential energy and makes high. Exer takes high potential energy and creates low energy products

57
Q

Is exergonic catabolic or anabolic

A

catabolic

58
Q

Is endergonic catabolic or anabolic

A

anabolic

Su24 (20 decks)

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