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Su24 > Exam 4 Review > Flashcards

Exam 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs during S Phase

A

Protiens are synthesized

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2
Q

How many homologous pairs of chromosomes does a somatic cell have? how many pares are autosomal and sex chromosomes

A

23 pairs
22 autosomal pairs, 1 sex pair

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3
Q

Sister chromatiad are joined together by what structure

A

Centromere

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4
Q

What structure do microtubules come from

A

centrosome

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5
Q

What are teh 3 purposes of mitosis

A

1.) growth/development
2.) Replication
3.) asexual reproduction

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6
Q

Does mitosis produce genetically identical or different daughter cells? how many?

A

2 identical

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7
Q

T/F in anaphase of meiosis, chromosomes separate to opposite poles

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Name the phases of mitosis in order

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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9
Q

What is contact inhibition

A

Cells stop dividing when they begin to touch

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10
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis

A

create gametes for sexual reproduction

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11
Q

How many chromomses does a gamete cell have

A

23
Haploid cell

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12
Q

What happens during Prophase I

A

Centrioles begin to align and nucleolus/nuclear envelope dissapate

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13
Q

During anaphase I, which structures are being separated

A

Chromosomes

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14
Q

What is a locus and allele

A

Locus: location of gene on DNA
Allele: Different versions of genes

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15
Q

Which process does not lead to increased genetic veriability
Crossing over
Mutations
Law of Independent assortment
Law of segregation

A

Law of segregation

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16
Q

Decribe Mendels 4 hypotheses

A

1.) Each individual has at least 2 alleles for each trait, one from each parent
2.) the different versions of a trait are containedin 2 inherited alleles
3.) Expression of traits physically is determineed by the genetic info from both parents. An individual obtains one allele from one parent and the other allele from the other parent
4.) THe alleles amy be dominant or recessive

17
Q

What is nondisjunction

A

When sister chromatids don’t separate

18
Q

Wha tis teh genetic make-up of a person affected by Klinefelters Syndrome

A

XXY

19
Q

If 2 parets are heterozygous for deafness, what is the phenotype ratio? percentage of carrier? Chance of a deaf offspring?

A

75% hearing, 25% deaf
50% carriers
25% deaf

20
Q

What are teh possible gametes for rrYy

A

rY, ry, rY, ry

21
Q

What are the possible genotypes for true-breeding parents

A

YY or yy

22
Q

What is a test cross

A

a mating btw an unknown genotype and an homozygous recessive

23
Q

What is a recessive disorder? Examples? Is a carrier heterozygous or homozygous (5)

A

Recessive disorder is when a disorder is presented when there is a homozygous recessive gene that creates a disorder
Carrier is someone who has one of the recessive genes affected (heterozygous)
R/G colorblindness, Albinoism, Cistic fibroisis, Tay-Sachs, sickle cell

24
Q

What is a dominant disorder? Examples? Are there carriers?

A

Disorder that is carried in the Dominant Gene and expressed when a person is heterozygous
No Carriers
Achondroplasia (Dwarfism), Alzhimers, Huntingtons, Polydactyly

25
Q

What is incomplete dominance

A

When a dominant allele is not fully dominant so some of the recessive gene is shown

26
Q

What is Pleiotrophy. Examples

A

1 gene controls multiple characteristics. Sickle cell

27
Q

what is polygenetic inheritance? example

A

Multiple genes affect 1 thing, eye/hair/skin color

28
Q

What are sexlinked genes

A

genes carried on sex chromosomes, usually x, usually recessive

29
Q

Down syndrome: Genetic make up, Monosomy or Trisomy, # of chromosomes, Autosomal or Sex chromosome

A

Genetic make up: Extra 21st chromosome
Trisomy
47 chromosomes
Autosomal

30
Q

Klinefelter syndrome: Genetic make up, Monosomy or Trisomy, # of chromosomes, Autosomal or Sex chromosome

A

Genetic make up: XXY
Trisomy
47 of chromosomes
Sex chromosome

31
Q

Turner syndrome: Genetic make up, Monosomy or Trisomy, # of chromosomes, Autosomal or Sex chromosome

A

Genetic make up: XO
Monosomy
45 of chromosomes
Sex chromosome

32
Q

Metafemale syndrome: Genetic make up, Monosomy or Trisomy, # of chromosomes, Autosomal or Sex chromosome

A

Genetic make up: XXX
Trisomy
47 of chromosomes
Sex chromosome

33
Q

Super male syndrome: Genetic make up, Monosomy or Trisomy, # of chromosomes, Autosomal or Sex chromosome

A

Genetic make up: XYY
Trisomy
47 of chromosomes
Sex chromosome

Su24 (20 decks)

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